Illustrative Situations

/. Compare the following situations:

Mr Smith teaches well, (the subject is the doer of the action, the verb "teach" is in the Active Voice) The students are taught well, (the subject is the receiver of the action; it is acted upon, the verb "teach" is in the Passive Voice)

The Passive is used:

a) to give factual information:

The musical "Cats" is based on the poems of T. S. Eliot. It was composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber.

b) when what is/was done is more important than who is doing/did the action:

Wine from California is exported to France.

c) to introduce general opinions:

It is now recognised as one of the most successful musicals of all time.

d) to express rules. Smoking is not allowed here.

It is forbidden to walk on the grass.

e) to describe processes: Bread is made from flour

The doer of the action in the passive constructions is introduced by the preposition "by". It is very seldom used.

When Mrs Brown was crossing the street she was stopped b> a policeman. Nowadays washing is done by washing-machines

Here are some examples of the other tense forms used in the Passive Voice: I. I think Jack will be invited to the party.

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2. You won't be allowed to use these books.

3 The school was built in 1867. The rooms are small and dark and it looks like a prison. It is still being used although the local authorities have recently promised it will be pulled down.

4. Yesterday on my way home I dropped into the repair shop. I wanted to find out if my typewriter was ready. But it was still being repaired. They asked me to come in two days.

5. Richard's wife saw very good alarm clocks at special prices in a department store last week. She has gone back there today, but ail the clocks are gone. "I'm sorry, Madam", the salesgirl is saying. "All the clocks have been sold".

6. Patrick Connor has gone back to Ireland for a few days. Dublin has changed a lot. Patrick is talking to an old friend now. "A lot

of fine old buildings have been pulled down!" he says.

7. The chief engineer invited the heads of the departments to his office. He wished to know if his instructions had been carried out.

8. When I arrived the family were in the sitting-room. Tea had been cleared away and the curtains had been drawn. The wife and husband were going to watch TV. Mary, their daughter, was looking for something in the book-case. Her brother Robert was making a telephone call to his friend.

9. Come at 11, please. The papers will have been signed by that time.

SIMPLE PRESENT PASSIVE

Practice

/. Listen and imitate:

1. The post is delivered every morning. 2. Steel sinks when it is put into water. 3. Smoking is not allowed here. 4. He is often sent parcels. 5 Coffee is imported from Brazil. 6. Wine is produced in many parts of France. 7. Accidents are often caused by careless­ness. 8. Newspapers are sold at the newsagent's. 9. Clothes are washed at the launderette. 10. Films are shown at the cinema. 11. Bread is sold at the baker's. 12. Milk goes sour when it is left for three days. 13. Your report is highly spoken of. 14. The children are well looked after. 15. The machines are inspected every day. 15. Flowers die when they are not watered. 16. Lost time is never found again. 17. This article is often referred to. 18. He is paid a lot of money for his work. 19. What is made at this factory? 20. When is breakfast served here? 21. Where are bananas sold? 22. Who is invited to their parties? 23. What foreign languages are you taught at the Institute? 24. Are you allowed to use this library?

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//. Substitute the stimulus nouns:

e.g. This museum is visited by thousands of people every year, (gallery)

This gallery is visited by thousands of people every year.

1. These articles are recommended for your work, (journals) 2. The documents are kept in the safe, (the money) 3. Many books are received by this library, (magazines) 4. New schools are built in our city every year, (offices) 5 Butter is made from milk, (cheese) 6. Books are published there, (newspapers)

///. Substitute the stimulus verbs:

e.g. The library is opened at 9. (close) The library is closed at 9.

1. The hall is cleaned on Saturday, (wash) 2. She is often sent interesting books, (give) 3. The documents are signed by Mrs Smith, (photo-copy) 4. Bread is bought at the baker's, (sell) 5. Meat is kept in the fridge, (put) 6. Trucks are produced at this plant, (make)

IV. Paraphrase the following sentences. Give two variants if possible.

e.g. They often show us foreign films at the Institute.

We are often shown foreign films at the Institute.

Foreign films are often shown to us at the Institute. 1. They grow rice in this area. 2. They publish newspapers here. 3. They deliver mail in the morning. 4. They import tea from India. 5. They sell shoes in that shop. 6. They speak Italian in Italy. 7. They produce butter on farms. 8. They often send us letters 9. They pay him a lot of money. 10. They don't allow us to smoke here. 11. They teach English, French and German at the courses. 12. They build a lot of houses in our town every year. 13. They hold conferences in the assembly-hall. 14. They give us three les­sons a day. 15. They don't tell us about their work. 16. They announce news every day. 17. They make lorries at that plant

V. Give negative answers to the following questions:

e.g. — Does Mrs Green deliver the post?

— No, the post isn't delivered by Mrs Green. 1. Does Mary type the documents? 2. Does the chief engineer sign the papers? 3. Does Jack repair the type-writers, too? 4. Does the boss write the letters himself? 5. Do the teachers prepare the lunch? 6. Does the secretary dictate the letters? 7. Do the salesmen inspect the machines?

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VI. Ask general questions.

e.g. — Mr Smith is often sent to London on business. (Mr White)

— Is Mr White often sent to London, too? 1 We are given a lot of work to do. (you) 2. We are allowed to use this laboratory, (you) 3. Footwear is sold in this shop, (tex­tile) 4. They are taught Spanish. (French) 5. Bags are repaired there, (umbrellas) 6. Rice is grown here, (wheat)

VII. Ask special questions:

e.g. Breakfast is served early here, (when) When is breakfast served here?

1. They are taught two foreign languages, (what foreign lan­guages) 2. This journal is not published in Minsk, (where) 3. She is sometimes sent money orders, (how often) 4. Mr Brown is highly paid, (how much) 5. This work is not done by Mr Brown, (by whom) 6. The library is closed late, (when) 7. We are not invited to their parties, (who)

VIII. Make up sentences using the passive voice:

e.g. Books — sell — bookshop

Books are sold in that bookshop.

1. We — pay — twice a month 2. Coffee — serve — in the morning 3. Meetings — hold — that hall 4. Tickets — usually — book — in advance. 5. Letters — deliver — a postman 6. He — often — send — abroad 7. These taperecorders — use — our students 8. Important problems — discuss — our meetings 9. En­glish — speak — Australia

IX. Translate into English (self check):

1. Какой иностранный язык преподают в вашем институте? 2. Интересно, где издается этот журнал. 3. Я думаю, что эти книги продаются во всех магазинах. 4. Что производится на этой фабрике? 5. Этот список статей рекомендуется для вашей ра­боты. 6. В нашем институте часто демонстрируются зарубежные фильмы. 7. В котором часу закрывается библиотека? 8. Нам не разрешается выносить книги из читального зала. 9. Почту до­ставляют сюда самолетом? 10. Сегодня ожидается много гостей 11. Ему часто присылают письма. 12. Что продается в этом мага­зине? 13. Сколько вам здесь платят? 14. Где обычно проводятся собрания? Какие проблемы на них обсуждаются? 15. Где хра­нятся документы? Кем подписываются документы?

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SIMPLE PAST PASSIVE

Practice

/. Listen and imitate:

\. Those paintings were sold for 500 pounds each 2 That's a good book. It was written by George Orwell. 3. I was offered an interesting job yesterday. 4. The doctor was immediately sent for 5. His car was not fixed in time, so he couldn't go to the city 6. Ro me wasn't built in a day. 7. Some coffee was brought to our room 8. The car was parked there. 9. I was frightened to death when I drove through Paris last month. 10. He was asked to give a speech at the party. 11. The woman was taken to hospital. 12. Our car was stopped because we were driving too fast. 13. He couldn't get into the room as the door was locked. 14. The ring was no! found. 15. The article was much talked about. 16. Everything wa~, done in time. 17. The letters were not signed yesterday. 18. I was given a book as a present.

//. Substitute the stimulus words:

e.g.: The watch was sold yesterday morning, (ring) The ring was sold yesterday morning.

1. Mary was given a ten days' leave. (John) 2. Mr Black was sent a visa. (Mrs Robinson) 3. The letter was brought in the eve­ning, (telegram) 4. The key was lost some days ago. (book) 5. The documents were left in the drawer, (money) 6. The oranges were put into the refrigerator, (apples) 7. Mary was promised help. (Dick)

///. Answer the questions:

e.g. — I think Mary baked the cakes, didn't she? — Yes, the cakes were baked by Mary

1. Betty cleaned the flat, didn't she? 2. Roger sent the parcel, didn't he? 3. I think Lucy typed the article, didn't she? 4. I think Steve photo-copied the papers, didn't he? 5. I think Susan transla­ted the text, didn't she? 6.1 think Donald caught that big fish, didn't he?

IV. Transform the following sentences with two objects:

e.g. They offered me a job at the hospital. 1 was offered a job at the hospital. A job was offered to me.

1. They showed the scientists a new research centre. 2. She gave me a pound of sugar. 3. He told the children fairy-tales 4. They paid him only part of the money. 5. The doctor prescribed me a lot of medicine. 6. They promised us seats in the first row.

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7. The doctors advised him to take a long holiday. 8. She recommen­ded me a rest in the south.

V. Answer the questions using the prompts:

e.g. Who inspects the machines? the man who laughed so much Who explained the joke? the foreman The machines are inspected by the foreman. The joke was explained by the man who laughed so much.

1. Who made the biscuits? the manager

2. Who wraps the chocolate boxes? my wife

3. Who dictated that letter? the girls in the factory

4. Who prepared the medicine? the Chocolate Makers' Association

5. Who sells the newspapers? his secretary

6. Who brought the menu? the chemist

7. Who publishes the Chocolate Makers' Magazine? the newsagent

8. Who opens Mr Burbank's letters? The waiter

VI. Respond to the following:

e.g. They didn't ask me any questions. And Jack? Jack wasn't asked any questions either.

1. They didn't promise him help. And Robert? 2. They didn't send Dick a visa. And Alec? 3. They didn't invite John to the picnic. And Roger? 4. She didn't inform me about her arrival. And you?

5. They didn't tell me the news. And you? 6. He didn't allow me to use his dictionary. And you?

VII. Ask your partner when the parcel was brought; what was discussed at the last meeting; what mark he was given at his last English exam; if he is paid well; if he is often sent abroad; when he was last sent a letter; if he is often visited by his friends; what foreign language he was taught at school; by whom the text was translated; when the documents were photo-copied; when the newspaper was delivered; what is produced at that factory; when the tickets were booked; if his dictionary was found; when dinner is served; when the meeting was held; when America was disco­vered.

VIII. Translate into English (self check):

1. В прошлом году его не посылали за границу. 2. Когда за­казали билеты? 3. Когда доставили почту? 4. Соглашение было подписано 10 марта. 5 Почему ему не сообщили об ее отъезде?

6. Где проходила конференция? 7. Когда был построен этот вокзал? 8. Сколько писем было получено вчера? 9. Нас не при­гласили на вечер. 10. Мне не предложили билет на концерт. 11. Кем была выполнена эта работа? 12. Гостям показали лабо-

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ратории института. 13. Этот вопрос обсуждался на нашем по­следнем собрании. 14. Документы были отпечатаны в пятницу

15. Письмо было написано моим секретарем два дня назад

16. О фильме много говорили. 17. Кто перевел эту статью?

SIMPLE FUTURE PASSIVE

Practice

/. Listen and imitate:

\. The letters will be sent tomorrow. 2. You will be given a good present for your birthday. 3. The machines will be inspected by the foreman. 4. You will be shown all the places of interest in our town. 5. I think you will be asked to help them. 6. The job will be adverti­sed in the morning paper tomorrow. 7. He hopes he will be sent a visa soon. 8. The report will be typed in an hour. 9. The plan will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting. 10. They will be informed about it today. 11. The work won't be finished soon.

//. Respond using the prompts:

e.g. — When are they going to publish Mr White's book? (next month)

— It will be published next month, I think.

1. When are they going to send the parcel? (in the morning) 2. When are they going to bring our luggage? (in an hour) 3. When are they going to finish the work? (tomorrow) 4. When are they going to book the tickets? (today) 5. When are they going to pack the luggage? (in the morning) 6. When are they going to translate the text? (in two hours) 7. When are they going to post the letters? (on Friday) 8. When are they going to hold the meeting? (on Mon­day) 9. When are they going to test the device? (the day after to­morrow) 10. When are they going to discuss the plan? (at 10 o'clock)

///. Answer the questions:

e.g. — They won't invite Alec to the party. And Jack?

— Jack won't be invited either.

1. They won't take Helen to the cinema. And Susan? 2. They won't send the parcels today. And the letters? 3. They won't bring the records today. And the taperecorder? 4. They won't tell Dick about it. And his wife? 5. They won't deliver the letter today. And the telegram?

IV. Ask questions:

e.g. — Robert will be taught Spanish. (Clare)

— Will Clare be taught Spanish too?

232 *

1. Steve will be told about it. (Mary) 2. Dick will be sent an invitation. (Mike) 3. Mr Black will be met at the station. (Mr Smith) 4. The article will be typed today, (the letters) 5. A school will be built in this area next year, (a shop) e.g. — The suitcases will be brought by the porter, (when) — When will they be brought?

1. The meeting will be held in room 20. (at what time) 2. The article will be translated by Mr Green, (when) 3. Supper will be served soon, (where) 4. The documents will be signed by the boss, (when) 5. He will be paid a lot. (how much) 6. The talks will be held in May. (where) 7. Some of your colleagues will be invited to the conference, (who) 8. This article will be published soon, (where)

V. Translate into English (self check):

1. Вам покажут много достопримечательностей в нашем го­роде. 2. Письмо пошлют авиапочтой? 3. Когда будут рассылать билеты на концерт? 4. Когда подадут обед? 5. В каком журнале будет напечатана эта статья? 6. Она сказала, что билеты будут заказаны через неделю. 7. Переговоры состоятся в октябре.

8. Я думаю, что вам дадут хороший номер в этой гостинице.

9. Я надеюсь, что работа будет завершена в срок. 10. Я уверен, что его пригласят на конференцию. 11. Где будет проводиться собрание? 12. Интересно, какой фильм будет демонстрироваться завтра. 13. Документы будут подписаны завтра. 14. Ей не скажут об этом.

Fluency

/. Listen and reproduce the following dialogues:

1. — What's the matter?

— I've just fallen off my bicycle.

— Oh, dear, is anything broken?

— I'm afraid the front wheel is buckled.

2. — What's the news?

— Michael is going to be sent to America to do research work.

— When did you hear that?

— It was announced yesterday.

3. — I envy Bill.

— Why?

— Because he'll be given a scholarship next year.

— Well, he deserves it.

4. Teacher: What do we get from sheep? Boy: Wool.

Teacher: And what do we make from wool?

233

Boy: I don't know.

Teacher: Well, what is your coat made of?

Boy: It was made from father's old coat.

5. Foreman: Come on, man, hurry up. Worker: Rome was not built in a day.

Foreman: May be not, but 1 wasn't foreman on that job.

6. Ken: I like your radio. Is it new?

Pat: Yes, I bought it last week. It's a Bisonic. Ken: Bisonic? I've never heard of it. Where was it made? Pat: I'm not sure. I think it was made in Japan. I'll have a look. No, I'm wrong. It was made in England.

//. Listen to the following texts. Ask and answer questions.

1. At 5.05 on Saturday 19 th July there was an accident at the junction of Euston Road and St. Pancras Road when a boy of 16 was knocked off his bicycle by a delivery van. Luckily he was not seriously injured. Patrick Kay, the 16-year-old boy, was taken to St. Pancras Hospital where he was treated for shock and a bro­ken arm. The accident was witnessed by several people and it was reported minutes later by the driver of the van, Mr Ralph Ripley, 45, of Wimbledon. Both the youth and the driver of the van were questioned afterwards by the police, who took the names and addresses of three witnesses.

2. There was a terrible storm during the night. A lot of damage was done. Trees and telephone wires were blown down, windows were smashed and a roof was blown off. A car was even overtur­ned. All this happened last night.

3. An old man had many sons who were always quarrelling. One day the sons were called before their father. A bundle of sticks was given to them and they were ordered to break it. Each of the sons tried with all his strength but the bundle could not be broken At last it was untied by the old man and each son was given one stick. Of course, the sticks were broken easily. "My sons", said the old man, "if you are together, live in friendship and help each other, you can always be strong and needn't be afraid of enemies".

4. Programmes for students studying English will be broad­cast every day. They will be planned for the whole term. They will be designed for those who have recently begun to study English. The programmes will be mainly based on situations from students' life. Some of the programmes will be given in the form of dialogue. They say that suggestions for further programmes will be wel­comed.

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Self check

/. Use the verbs in the proper tense and voice:

\. Our tourist group (arrive) in Moscow in the morning. A bus (take) us to the hotel "Ukraina". After breakfast and a short rest we (invite) for a sightseeing tour of Moscow. We (want) to see as much as possible as none of us (be) in Moscow before. We (show) and (tell) a lot of interesting things. Before our tour (co­me) to an end we (learn) much about Moscow. 2. When are you going to post this parcel? — It (post) in an hour I think. 3. What language you (teach) when you (study) at the University? — French. 4. Why they (not, come) to the party? — Well, I (not, know). They (send) the invitations about a week ago. 5. When the tickets (book)?— In a week. 6. When I (reach) the building I (stop) by a policeman who wanted to see my pass. 7. Students (allow) to use dictionaries at the exam? — No, dictionaries (not, allow). 8. A new stadium (build) opposite our house last year. 9. You (look) for your gloves? Ask the attendant, some gloves (pick) up and (give) to him a few minutes ago. 10. The mother (tell) not to worry about her sick boy. "He (examine) soon by the doctor. Everything (be) all right, I'm sure", said the nurse. 11. I wonder whether Alice (invite) to the conference. Her report is very interesting. 12. When examinations (hold)? — They (hold) at the end of every term. 13. The old man (fall) down and (break) his leg. He (take) to hospital by a passing motorist. 14. I (wake) by the noise in the street. 15. I've heard that Mr Smith (not, write) his own speeches, they (write) by his secretary. 16. These textbooks (use) in all schools? — No. 17. Where the journals (keep)? — In the safe. 18. Don't worry. Everything (do) in time. 19. Drinks (not, serve) here after midnight. 20. Who this article (write) by' 21. An interesting article (publish) in the next issue of the maga­zine. The author of the article (work) at it for a long time. 22. Ask the librarian about the new books which (receive) last week. You (give) all the necessary information. 23. He (ask) this question at the examination. He (give) an excellent mark for his answer. 24. This book (discuss) at the next meeting of our English club. A lot of students (take part) in the discussion. 25. Where (be) the secretary? — She (call) to the boss a few minutes ago. 26. Mr Short is a good lecturer. He always attentively (listen) to.

//. Translate into English:

1. Туристам показали Собор Святого Павла, одно из краси­вейших зданий Лондона. 2. Нас привезли в аэропорт автобусом. 3 Где состоятся переговоры? -- В Женеве. 4. Этот роман был переведен на русский язык два года назад 5. Делегацию встре-

235

гили на вокзале. 6. Вчера ему предложили интересную работу в научно-исследовательском институте. 7. Пройдите к админи­стратору. Вам дадут ключ от вашей комнаты. 8. Вчера мне пред­ложили билет на этот концерт, но я отказался. 9. Когда будет доставлена телеграмма? — Через два часа. 10. На каком языке говорят в Австралии? — На английском. 11. Когда ему пошлют визу? 12. Мне были даны все необходимые инструкции. 13. О ней хорошо отзываются. 14. Какие вопросы будут обсуждаться на конференции? 15. Когда был покрашен пол?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE

Practice

/. Listen and imitate:

1. The film is being much talked about. 2. The road is still being repaired. 3. An office block is being built near our school. 4. Some building work is being done in Park Avenue. 5. A new machine is being tested in the lab. 6. This question is still being discussed. 7. This material is still being used, isn't it? 8. Do you know that your voice is being recorded? 9. Is the floor in the sitting-room still being polished? 10. The talks are still being held.

//. Respond to the following:

e.g. — Don't enter the room.

— Why? (paint the floor)

— The floor is being painted there.

1. Don't enter the work-shop, (carry out an experiment)

2. Don't enter the assembly-hall, (hold a scientific conference)

3. Don't ride this way. (widen the road) 4. Don't enter the kitchen, (install a gas-stove) 5. Don't switch on the light, (fix a lamp) 6. You can't take the taperecorder. (repair) 7. Don't go to the libra­ry today, (remove the furniture)

e.g. — What's going on in that room? (pack the things)

— The things are being packed there.

1. What's going on in the sitting-room? (lay the table) 2. What's going on in the park? (cut the grass) 3. What's going on in the laboratory? (test a new device) 4. What's going on in the, garage? (repair the car) 5. What's going on in the lecture hall? (discuss the production plan) 6. What's going on in the office? (polish the floor) e.g. — Can I have a look at the letter? (type)

— I'm afraid you can't. It is still being typed.

1. Can I take the documents? (sign) 2. Can I see the visitors? (show round the plant) 3. Can I take the book? (read) 4. Can I use

236

the taperecorder? (repair) 5. Can I study here? (wash the floor) e.g. — Have they settled the problem yet?

— No, it's still being settled.

1. Have they built the school yet? 2. Have they written the article yet? 3. Have they started the test yet? 4. Has he translated the text yet? 5. Have they repaired the device? 6. Have they packed the suitcases? 7. Have they cooked supper? e.g. — They are widening our road.

— Oh, our road is being widened too.

1. They are repainting our bridge. 2. They are repairing our road. 3. They are widening our pavements. 4. They are changing our house numbers. 5. They are rebuilding our town hall. 6. They are re-opening our theatre. 7. They are closing down our local hospital. 8. They are moving our library. 9. They are replacing our street lights. 10. They are making our street one-way. 11. They are restoring our old church.

///. Ask your partner where the meeting is being held; what problems are being discussed at the meeting; if the documents are still being typed; what film is being spoken about; what texts are being recorded; if the lamp is still being fixed; who is being examined at the moment; what the student is being asked about.

IV. Translate into English (self check):

i. Что происходит в гостиной? — Там чинят телевизор. 2. В вестибюле никого нет. Гостям показывают институт. 3. Могу ли я взглянуть на контрольную работу? — Нет, ее еще печатают. 4. Комната в беспорядке. Вещи все еще упаковывают. 5. В нашем городе строится новый стадион. 6. Ваше предложение все еще обсуждается. 7.«Почему здесь так холодно? — Зал проветривают. 8. Не входите в эту комнату. Там красят пол.

PAST CONTINUOUS PASSIVE

Practice

/. Listen and imitate:

1. Huge blocks of flats were being built all last year. 2. When we came the pool was being filled with water. 3. I was told that my article was still being typed. 4. The car was being repaired the whole day yesterday. 5. When I left the meeting the problem was still being discussed. 6. When I entered the hall the young speci­alists were being instructed what to do. 7. At 6 o'clock the floor was still being polished.

237

//. Transform the sentences using the Passive Voice'

e.g. — When I entered the hall they were holding a meeting

there.

When I entered the hall a meeting was being held there 1. When I joined the visitors the foreman was showing them round the machine shop. 2. When I entered the room they were still discussing the article. 3. At 5 o'clock the professor was still examining the students. 4. When we arrived in Kiev they were still building the underground. 5. When I left the laboratory the} were still testing the device.

///. Complete the situations:

e.g. None of the actors were free then, (rehearse the play) The play was being rehearsed.

1. It was very noisy upstairs, (polish the floor) 2. We couldn't enter the library, (remove the furniture) 3. An appetizing smell was coming from the kitchen, (roast a goose) 4. The guests were upstairs, (show the laboratories) 5. We didn't see the museum that time, (repair the building)

IV. Make complex sentences:

e.g. enter the kitchen, cook my favourite dish

When I entered the kitchen my favourite dish was being

cooked.

1. arrive in Minsk, build the Underground 2. switch on TV, show an interesting film 3. arrive at the airport, see off the dele­gation 4. enter the Personnel Department, interview a new eco­nomist 5. leave the meeting, discuss the resolution

V. Respond to the following phrases using the Present and Past Continuous Passive.

e.g. What's going on in the yard?

Trees and bushes are being planted there.

The flowers are being watered there, etc. 1. Where is the noise coming from? 2. We couldn't use the telephone. 3. Don't enter the lab. 4. The boy looked proud. 5. The children were very excited. 6. What is going on in the lecture hall? 7. Can I study here? 8. Why did she look so worried? 9. We can't use the taperecorder. 10. I had to wait for half an hour.

VI. Translate into English (self check):

1. Лекция была очень интересной, и оратора слушали с боль­шим вниманием. 2. Когда я вернулся в Минск, Дворец Спорта все еще строился. 3. Когда вошел профессор Браун, обсужда­лось его предложение. 4. Вчера в 5 часов передавали интересный

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концерт. 5. Когда я присоединился к группе туристов, им как раз рассказывали об истории города. 6. Когда я вернулся, мою статью все еще печатали. 7. На улице было много народа. Встре­чали правительственную делегацию.

PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE

Practice

/. Listen and imitate:

1. Mary is proud. Her work has been praised. 2. —What's happened? — The window has been broken. 3. Jane hasn't been told about it. 4. Many new buildings have been built in our town lately. 5. His report has been much spoken about. 6. Dick is happy. His dog has been found. 7. There isn't any food left. All of it has been eaten. 8. I can't find my car anywhere. I think it has been stolen. 9. The house looks quite new. It has been painted. 10. Have those letters been typed yet? 11. Have you ever been interviewed on television? 12. Today's post hasn't been brought up yet, has it?

//. Respond to the following:

e.g. — Shall I type the letters for you?

— They've already been typed. Thank you.

1. Shall I help you unload the car? 2. Shall I introduce you to him? 2. Shall I show you Dick's drawings? 3. Shall I translate the article for you? 4. Shall I test the device? 5. Shall I fix the lamp? 6. Shall I repair the car? 6. Shall I buy the book for you?, e.g. — I think I ought to help you find your raincoat.

— Don't worry about it. It has already been found.

1. I think I ought to help you wash the dishes. 2. I think we ought to post that letter to Dr Davis. 3. I think I ought to give him some money. 4. I think I ought to repair the typewriter. 5. I think we ought to clear out the garage. 6. I think I ought to clean the flat. e.g. — Can I see today's paper? (receive)

— I'm afraid you can't. It hasn't been received yet.

1. Can I read the telegram? (not to deliver) 2. Can you give me the book? (not to bring) 3. Can I have dinner? (not to cook) 4. Can I take the documents? (not to sign) 5. Can I look through your report? (not to finish) 6. Can I use your phone? (not to fix) e.g. — Will you please send the documents?

— As a matter of fact they have already been sent.

1. Will you please fix the tent? 2. Will you inform them about the meeting? 3. Will you instruct him how to do it? 4. Will you repair the TV set? 5. Will you please iron the suit? 6. Will you please translate the letters?

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e.g. — I think we must repair our house.

— Oh, yes. It hasn't been repaired for years.

1. We must paint the doors. 2. We must clean the windows. 3. We must wash the curtains. 4. We must change the wall papers in the sitting-room. 5. We must clear up the dining-room table. 6. We must polish the floor, e.g. — Let's go to Peter's birthday, (invite)

— How can we? We haven't been invited.

1. Let's look through today's newspapers, (not to deliver) 2. Let's listen to Text 10. (not to record) 3. Let's unpack the lugga­ge, (not to bring) 4. Let's play the piano, (not to tune) 5. Let's have dinner, (not to cook) 6. Let's watch TV. (the TV set, not to repair) e.g. — Why does Lucy look so upset?

— Don't you know? She has been given a bad mark.

1. Why hasn't your friend come? (send to Moscow) 2. Why doesn't Uncle George smoke any more? (advise to give up smo­king) 3. Why is it so cold in the room? (break the window) 4. Why does Dick look so pale? (operate on) 5. Why is the child crying? (damage his new toy) 6. Why is Mary so sad? (scold by the tea­cher)

///. Ask if the following actions have really taken place:

e.g. — They say the document has been used.

— Has it really been used?

1. They say the luggage has been marked. 2. They say the mail has been delivered. 3. They say the car has been parked. 4. They say the letter has been signed. 5. They say the books have already been sold.

IV. Ask your secretary if the documents have been typed; if they have been photo-copied; why the letters haven't been posted yet; if the journals have been received; how many copies have been received; if a table at the restaurant has been reserved; if all the people have been invited.

V. Your mother is talking to you over the telephone. She's asking you not to forget:

1. to clear the table; 2. to wash the dishes; 3. to sweep the floor; 4. to make the bed; 5. to air the room; 6. to put the books in order; 7. to cook supper Tell her that all this has already been done.

VI. Respond to the following using the Present Perfect Pas­sive:

e.g. — Where's my old umbrella?

— I am afraid it has been thrown away.

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(It has been given to the old man next door, etc.) 1. Why don't you take part in the conference? 2. Will you book the tickets? 3. What has become of your bicycle? 4. Can I work in the study? 4. Where's my grey suit? 5. Shall I fix the lamp? 6. I think we ought to tell him about it. 6. The room looks untidy. 7. You can't take the documents. 8. Why doesn't he join us? 9. Where are the papers? 10. She looks upset. 11. I think we must clean the windows.

VII. Translate into English (self check):

1. Письмо еще не отправили. 2. За доктором уже послали. 3. Газеты уже принесли? — Нет еще. 4. Ваш дом когда-нибудь ремонтировали? — Да, его ремонтировали пять лет назад. 5. Можно взять документы? — Боюсь, что нет. Их еще не отпе­чатали. 6. Будьте осторожны. Двери только что покрасили. 7. Ни на очень довольна. Ей предложили интересную работу. 8. Теле­грамму только что получили. Она на столе. 9. Аня уезжает в Италию. Ей уже прислали визу.

PAST PERFECT PASSIVE

Practice

/. Listen and imitate:

1. All the tickets had already been sold out by the time John and Mary arrived. 2. When I returned home my wife told me that all the things had already been packed and they were ready to start. 3. The room had been prepared for the Hunts but they didn't come. 4. I had a letter from my sister some days ago. She wrote she had been accepted to college. 5. By 5 o'clock the experiment had already been completed. 6. They realized that the telegram hadn't been received.

//. Respond to the following using the prompts:

e.g. She was angry, (lose the tickets)

The tickets had been lost.

1. He came too late, (discuss the question) 2. She looked happy, (praise for good work) 3. He was surprised, (not, invite) 4. He was worried, (not, send a visa) 5. I had to wait a little, (not, sign the papers) 6. Mr Smith was angry, (damage his car)

///. Make up sentences using the prompts:

e.g. He returned to the city, (build the stadium)

When he returned to the city the stadium had already been built. 1. She came to the Institute, (show the new film) 2. I got up.

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(cook breakfast) 3. She came home, (put the child to bed) 4. arrived at the airport, (announce the flight) 5. He returned to the lab. (finish the test) 6. 1 rang up the secretary, (sign the docu­ments) e.g. All the books were sold, (by 5 o'clock)

All the books had been sold by 5 o'clock. 1. He was not sent a visa, (by July) 2. The letters were posted (by the evening) 3. The tests were checked, (by the end of the lesson) 4. The articles were translated, (by Friday) 5. The sink was fixed, (by the time I returned home) 6. The letters were typed, (by the end of the working day) e.g. Everything has been arranged. (I didn't know)

I didn't know everything had been arranged. 1. The article has been published. (I didn't know). 2. The books haven't been delivered yet. (the librarian said) 3. The journal was lost a few days ago. (we didn't know) 4. The contract has already been signed, (the boss said) 5. The key was not found, (she told me) 6. He was forbidden to drive the car. (we didn't know) 7. The bi­cycle was broken. (I didn't know) 8. The picture was brought back some days ago. (I learned) 9. He has been told about it several times, (she said) 10. Jane wasn't allowed to take part in the expe­dition. (I knew) 11. Everything was prepared for the party. (I thought) 12. The letters were posted. (I was sure) 13. The text wasn't recorded. (I was told) 14. The chief engineer was sent for. (the secretary said) 15. The date of the conference has already been fixed, (they told me)

IV. Translate into English (self check):

1. Я была очень рада, когда узнала, что моего сына пригла­сили принять участие в международной конференции по элек­тронике в Женеве. 2. Мне пришлось подождать. Секретарь ска­зала, что документы еще не подписаны. 3 Вчера я встретила Аню. Она сказала, что ей прислали посылку, и она идет на почту, чтобы забрать ее. 4. К вечеру все вещи были упакованы. 5. Ма­ленькая Катя была счастлива. Ей подарили коробку шоколада 6. Она была разочарована. Ей не прислали приглашение на ве­чер. 7. Когда я вернулся, статью уже перевели.

FUTURE PERFECT PASSIVE

Practice

/. Listen and imitate:

1. The factory will have been completed by the end of the month. 2. The car will have been repaired by Saturday. 3. The work will

242

have been tinished before you come back. 4. The documents will have been typed by the time the boss returns.

//. Change the sentences into the Future Perfect Passive:

e.g. The office will be built in a few months, (by September) The office will have been built by September. 1. The tests will be checked in an hour, (by the end of the les­son) 2. The book will be published soon, (by the end of the year) 3. The suitcases will be packed after dinner, (by the time the taxi comes) 4. The invitation cards will be sent on Sunday, (by Sunday) 5. The telephone will be repaired on Tuesday, (by Tuesday) 6. The work will be done tomorrow, (by tomorrow) 7. The papers will be signed at 5 o'clock, (by 5 o'clock) 8. The computer will be tested in a few days, (by the end of the work day) 9. The letters will be typed today, (before you come back) 10. The problem will be dis­cussed on Wednesday, (by Wednesday) 11. The roof will be pain­ted in the evening, (by the evening) 12. Everything will be arran­ged in time, (before he comes) 13. The newspapers will be delivered at 9. (by 9)

///. Translate into English (self check).

1. Работа будет закончена к концу месяца. 2. Письма будут напечатаны до того, как вы вернетесь. 3. К тому времени как вы вернетесь, эксперимент будет завершен. 4. Приходите в 5 часов. К тому времени документы будут подписаны. 5. Все приглаше­ния будут разосланы к концу недели. 6. Телеграмма будет достав­лена к 11 часам.

Fluency

/. Listen to the following texts. Ask and answer questions on the texts:

1. We have an old musical instrument It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Re­cently it was damaged by a visitor She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.

My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

2. There has been another rail crash in Scotland. The crash occurred last night in freezing fog outside Glasgow. Four people

were killed and at least ten people were injured. The railway lines have not yet been cleared and a number of trains have been delayed.

3. Heavy snow has fallen in the North of England. Many roads

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have been blocked arid traffic has been brought to a standstill One town, Castlepool in Yorkshire, has been completely cut off Supplies will be dropped into the town by air this afternoon.

4 The office of Mr Arthur Tigers, the prominent industrialist, was broken into during the weekend. A small amount of money was taken and the office itself was left in what the cleaning woman described as "a terrible mess". The burglary was discovered b\ cleaners early this morning. Mr Tigers is away on holiday in South America and has not yet been located.

5. Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not wor­ried any more. At the station he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by tram. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, be­cause he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen!

6 The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As many people will be visiting the country, the go­vernment will be building new hotels, a large stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capi­tal and the whole area will be called "Olympic City". Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Every­body will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.

7. The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post-office. Sam was sure that the wallet had been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in a newspa­per and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: "A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!" Two months later, some money was sent to Sam with another note: "Only 25 per cent a thief now!" In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. The last note said: "I am 100 per cent honest now'"

8. An American in London was taken sightseeing by a guide and was shown many beautiful buildings. "Did it take you long to

944

build that house?" he asked when they were, passing a hotel. "About six months", said the guide. "A building like that is built during a month in New York", the American said. Then he was shown a new office building. "Did it take you long to build that?" he asked. "About a month", said the guide. "Such a place can be built in a couple of days in New York". Some minutes later they came to the Houses of Parliament. "That's not a bad place. When was it built?" asked the American. "You may not believe me but that building was not there when I crossed the street last night", said the guide smiling.

9. During a sea trip on board a steamer a young girl was courted by five young men. The poor thing was at a loss whom she should choose. She was advised to jump overboard and then marry the one who would jump in after her. The girl did as she was told. Next morning when all the five admirers were on deck she jumped into the sea. She was immediately followed by four of the men. When the girl and her admirers were fished out of the water she found herself even more at a loss than before. "What should I do with these four wet men?" she asked the captain. "Take the dry one", was his advice. This time again the girl did as she was told.

//. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions: Mr Palmer is looking for a new house. He's tired of living in the city and he wants to live in a quiet village. He's with the estate agent now. Estate Agent: Well, Mr Palmer. This is the house that

I told you about... Number 26, Richmond Road The

owners are away, but I've got a key. Mr Palmer: Hmm... when was it built? Agent: It was built in 1950.

Mr Palmer: Who built it?

Agent: I'm not really sure Is it important?

Mr Palmer: No, not really. Is that a new roof? It looks nev Agent: It is nearly new. It was put on last year.

Agent: You can see that it's in very good condition The

previous owner was a builder. Mr Palmer: It's quite an old house. I'm worried about the elecu'-

cal wiring. Has it been rewired? Agent: Yes, it has.

Mr Palmer. Oh, when was it done? Agent: Five years ago. It has also been redecorated. Central

heating has been put in, and a new garage has been

built.

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Mr Palmerr Oh, when was that done?

Agent: Last year . I think.

It's a very solid house. It's built of brick with a tiled roof...

Mr Palmer: It's a long way from a big town. What are the ser­vices like?

Agent: Hold on .. I've got the details here. Yes ..let me see.,

the dustbins are emptied every Thursday.

Mr Palmer: It's important for rne to see the post before I go to work. When is it delivered?

Agent: It's usually delivered at about 7.30. The milk is de-

livered about six o'clock . . so you'll have fresh milk for breakfast.

Mr Palmer: It's certainly very cheap. I've seen a lot of similar houses... and they're more expensive.

Agent: Ah, yes. . it's a real bargain.

Mr Palmer: Are there any plans for the area?

Agent: Pardon? Plans... well, a new school is going to be

built in the village next year ..

Mr Palmer: Anything else?

Agent: .. and a new road, a motorway actually, will be

built next year, too. You'll be able to get to London easily.

Mr Palmer: Where exacth will the motorway be built?

Agent: Well, actually, it'll be built behind the house. A bridge

will be constructed over the house. It'll be very inte­resting. You'll be able to watch the traffic. Questions: What is Mr Palmer looking for? Who is he talking

to at the moment? Is the house old or new? Is it in good condition'

The house isn't very expensive, is it? Why?

///. Listen to the conversation again and reproduce the phrases used in the Passive Voice.

IV. Tell about the house, the services and the plans for the area

V. Role-play the conversation.

Self check

/. Use the verbs in the proper tense and voice:

1 Where (be) the contract? — It (type) now. It (bring) in a few minutes. 2. When we returned the door already (lock). 3. Trucks and tractors (produce) at this plant. 4. Not a word (say) by the newcomer. 5. Susan is upset. Her favourite record (break) 6 The house (paint) and looks quite new. 7. I want to call the police — Why? — Because my watch (steal).— I hope it (find)

246

soon. 8. What's going on in the lab? — The results of the experiment (discuss) there. 9. The secretary told us that the documents (not, sign) yet. 10. He looked very excited when I saw him.— No wonder, his device (test). 11. I just (offer) a ticket for the cup game. I'm sure it will be very interesting. 12. How much money you (send) yesterday?—300 pounds. 13. Where the conference (hold)? — In London.—How long it (last)? —For a week.— You (hear) any interesting reports? — Quite a lot. 14. This typewriter is quite new. It never (use). 15. The school (build) by September. 16. The article (translate) by the time you return. 17. John (live) in Man­chester. His girl-friend Mary (study) French in Paris. She (stay) there for 5 weeks. The week before last John (go) to Paris to visit his girl-friend. He (be) back in Manchester now. He just (receive) this reply from her.

Dear John,

It (be) nice to see you last week. After you (go) I (feel) so lonely. I really (enjoy) seeing you again.

Two days ago I (take) my final exam and it (be) pretty dif­ficult. The papers (mark) now. If 1 (pass) I (get) a certificate. I (be able) to get a better job. You (not, tell) me much about your new job last time. You (say) you (work) hard.

Last night we (have) a farewell party. We (go) to a new res­taurant that (open) last month. Everyone (be) in high spirits because the course (complete). I (be going) to miss all the new friends I (make) here. See you next week. I hope you (meet) me at the airport.

All my love,

Mary

//. Translate into English:

1. He беспокойтесь. За вашими детьми присмотрят, если вы вернетесь поздно. 2. Журналы уже принесли? — Да, их принесли два часа назад. 3. Когда я пришел, гостям показывали лаборато­рии института. 4. К концу недели все книги были распроданы. 5. Нас ожидали в среду, а мы приехали в понедельник 6. В этом зале проводятся собрания. 7. Какой вопрос обсуждался, когда ты пришел? 8. Около вокзала строится новый мост. 9. Как только до­кументы будут подписаны, мы отошлем их в Москву. 10. Пол в этой комнате никогда не красили. 11. Я буду рад, если моя статья будет напечатана в вашем журнале. 12. Он был доволен, так как ему пообещали помощь. 13. Когда и где состоится конференция? 14. Я был уверен, что он не придет, пока его не пригласят 15 Мне предложили билет на концерт, но я отказался. 16. Студентам медицинских институтов преподают латинский язык. 17. Нам показывали слайды, когда вошел декан.

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UNIT 17 TOPIC: TRAVELLING BY TRAIN

TEXT. YOU REMEMBER ME, DON'T YOU?

Scene: the main hall of Paddington Station (one of the main London railway stations)

It was late at night, but there were still a lot of people coming and going There was a noise of trains.

A good-looking, fair-haired Swiss girl of about twenty was sitting on her suitcase. Her chin was in her hands and she looked tired and depressed. Nodoby spoke to her, nobody even looked at her.

Another young woman went past. She noticed the fair girl She stopped in surprise, turned round and looked again. "Why, it's Ann, isn't it?" The fair girl looked up. At first she didn't recognize the other girl. "You remember me, don't you? I'm Pauline. We were at school together."

Ann jumped to her feet. "Of course! My dear Pauline! I'm so glad to see you."

"I'm glad I noticed you. But what are you doing here? I didn't know you were in England."

"I arrived from Zurich at one o'clock. I had lunch at Victoria station. I think I took a long time over it. And now I'm alone in London. I don't know anybody. And what a day I've had! I must sit on this suitcase until tomorrow morning. I'm going to stay with some people called Forest. They live miles and miles in the country. But I've missed the last train."

"Missed the last train? Have you really? That's bad luck. But how did you miss it? It seems rather silly."

"It isn't far from Victoria to Paddington, but it took a long time to get there. I took a taxi, but still I arrived late. I ran into the station and shouted: "Which is the four o'clock train for Brimstead? But the porter thought I said "Bristol!" He put me in a train just as it moved away from the station. I was very proud of catching the train at the last minute. I settled down in the compartment. There was an old gentleman there, but I was too shy to speak to him, Later he gave me a cigarette and we talked. We stopped at a place called Reading and then went on. I thought the journey was taking a long time.

Then a man came to collect our tickets. He looked at mine and said: "Brimstead? You're in the wrong train, Miss." It was terrible I cried: "Stop the train! I must get out!" But the man said: "We don't stop until Bristol." At last we got there. I got out and ran like the wind with my suitcase to catch the next train back to London

248

I crossed the lines — a lot of porters shouted after me, but I didn't stop.

The London train was just leaving. It was a slow train: it stop­ped at every station. When I got back here, the last train to Brimstead had just gone. It's only a small town, you see."

"But why are you sitting out here in this cold?"

"It's too stuffy in the waiting-room."

"Poor Ann! Come and spend the night at my lodgings. My land­lady will be pleased to see you."

Comprehension

/. Listen to the text and answer the questions:

Where did Pauline meet Ann? Did Ann recognize her at once? Why did Ann look so tired and depressed? How did it happen that she got into the wrong train?

//. Read the text and analyse its language peculiarities. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.

Special Difficulties

/. Respond using the prompts:

e.g. — Bob got another job, I suppose, (old) — No, he was too old to get another job. ...I suppose.

1. Tom went alone, (young) 2. Peter got through the window, (fat) 3. George drove the car. (drunk) 4. Mary walked upstairs, (weak) 5. Peter ate something, (ill) 6. James bought the house, (poor) 7. Frank understood, (stupid) 8. Jack became a jockey, (small) 9. The other driver listened to you. (excited) 10. She wore your coat, (tall)

//. Make up sentences using the word combination "to be proud

e.g. She/her son

She is proud of her son.

1. He / his wife. 2. The girl/her mother 3. The children/their pa­rents 4. David/his sister 5. Ann/her daughter 6. George/his brother e.g. Mr Green/work for this firm

Mr Green is proud of working for this firm. 1. Betty/type without mistakes 2. Dick/have a car 3. Bill/speak Chinese 4. He/live in this country 5. Kate/swim so well 6. Paul/ earn so much money

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Text Exercises

/. Ask ana answer questions on the text.

II. Speak on Ann's adventure.

III. Did you ever have an experience like that? Tell about it.

Conversation Practice

/. Listen to the conversations and learn them: Booking Train Tickets

— When does the London train leave, please?

— 9.25. Platform 3.

— What time does it reach London?

— You should be there at 11.31, but you may be a bit late.

— Do I have to change?

— Yes. You change at Lewes and East Croydon.

2. — Which train do I take for Victoria, please?

— 9.28.

— When does it get in?

— It gets there at 11.34.

— Must 1 change?

— No, it's a through train.

3. — What time's the next train to Victoria, please?

— 9.26. Platform 4.

— When do we get there?

— It's due at 11.35, but they're running late today.

— Is it necessary to change?

— Yes. Change at East Croydon.

4. — Excuse me...

— Yes. Can I help you?

— Yes, I'd like some information about trains, please.

— Where to?

— ...to London.

— When?

— Tomorrow.

— Morning or afternoon?

— In the evening. About six o'clock.

— There's one at 6.40.

— Thank you.

5. — I want a ticket to Bern, please, second class.

— Single or return?

— Return, please.

— Sixty-five pounds, please. Five pounds change, thank you.

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— Could you tell me what time the next train is?

— 8 o'clock, platform 12. If you hurry you'll just catch it.

— Thanks.

//. Situation: You want to go to Kiev in a week. You phone the railway booking-office and inquire about the time-table and tickets.

At the Railway Station

Jane: Hello, Mr Blake. We're are not late, are we'

Mr Blake: Hello, Jane. No, you're not late. I was a bit earlv

Jane: When does the train leave?

Mr Blake: It leaves at four twenty-seven (4.27). If we hurry,

we'll be able to catch it. Jane: Is it an express?

Mr Blake: No, it's a stopping train Jane: Shall I buy ihe tickets, Mr Blake?

Mr Blake: Oh, yes, I forgot about them. There's the booking-office. Jane: Do you know how much the fare is?

Mr Blake- Seventy-five pence (75 p) for a single ticket and one

pound fifty for a return But ask for a weekend return.

That might be cheaper. And ask for a time-table, too.

You'll need it on Sunday. Jane: All right. I'll meet you at the entrance to the platform.

Which platform is ours? Mr Blake: Platform sixteen. I'll take your suitcase. Which one's

yours?

Jane: That one's mine.

Mr Blake: Hurry. The train leaves at four twenty-seven. (4.27) Jane: From platform sixteen?

Mr Blake: Yes.

Questions: When does the train leave? Is it an express or a stop­ping train? Who is going to buy the tickets? What is the fare? From what platform does the train leave? Where do they agree to meet? Will Mr Blake help Jane with her suitcase?

Listening Linda Goes to Liverpool

Linda found a seat in a compartment that was full of middle-aged businessmen. One of them offered to put her case on the rack for her. She politely told him she could do it herself. The man star­ted talking to her after she had sat down. She tried to avoid getting into a conversation but it was impossible. He was one of those

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boring types that go on talking even if nobody is interested.

When she casually mentioned that she was going to Liverpool in order to do a report on the city, he began telling her all about the place. Several hours went by. He talked and talked. Linda hard­ly said anything. Finally, the train got into Liverpool. The man kept on talking until the very last minute. Linda got up to go. Just then he invited her to a party. He said he would introduce her to all his friends so that she could learn more about Liverpool Linda politely refused and hurried out of the compartment She could still hear the man's voice. He was talking to someone else in the compartment and she happened to catch a few words.

"Nice girl", he was saying. "But you know, she talked so much that I could hardly put in a word."

Questions: Who else was in the compartment? What did the man do when Linda came in? What did Linda try to avoid? Why? Why was she going to Liverpool? What happened when she mentioned this? What happened during the journey? What happened just after the train got into Liverpool?

Mark Twain in France

Mark Twain, the famous American writer, was travelling in France. Once he was going by train to Dijon. That afternoon he was very tired and wanted to sleep. So he asked the conductor to wake him up and put him off the train when they reached Dijon.

"I shall probably protest," he said to the conductor, "because I am a heavy sleeper, but do not pay any attention to that. Put me off the train anyway."

A few minutes later Mark Twain went to sleep. Later, when he woke up, it was night and the train was already in Paris. He under­stood that the conductor had forgotten to wake him up in Dijon. He was very angry. He ran up to the conductor and began to shout at him. "I have never been so angry in my life", he said. The conductor looked at him calmly. "You are not half so angry as the American whom I put off the train in Dijon."

Questions: Where was Mark Twain travelling once? What did he ask the conductor to do? What did he warn the conductor about? When did Mark Twain wake up? He was very angry, wasn't he? Why didn't the conductor put him off the train in Dijon?

A Vacant Seat

It was Sunday. The trains were crowded A man was looking for a seat in a carriage. Suddenly he saw a vacant seat. But a small suitcase lay on that seat and a well-dressed gentleman was

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sitting next to it. "Is this seat vacant?" asked the man. "No, it isn't. It's my friend's seat. He will soon come. He has gone out to buy some cigarettes," the gentleman said.

"Well", said the man. "I'll sit here till he comes." Ten minutes later the train started but nobody came. "Your friend is late", said the man. "He has missed his train but he mustn't lose his suitcase." With these words he took the suitcase and threw it out of the win­dow. The well-dressed gentleman got up and tried to catch the suitcase. But it was too late. It was his suitcase and he had taken a second seat for his own comfort.

Questions: What was the man looking for? Did he find a vacant seat? What did the well-dressed gentleman say? What did the man decide to do? What happened when the train started?

At the Station

Steve: I was waiting on the platform for the Bristol train when a lady asked me if I knew the time of the next train to Oxford. I often have to go to Oxford myself, so I knew. A few minutes later a man wanted to know whether the train for Bristol had already left. I knew that it hadn't so of course I told him. The man inquired why the train from Birmingham was late. I didn't know but I told him it was usually because of the line repairs. I couldn't understand why all these people were asking me questions. Then I noticed that I was standing next to a big sign that said: "Information." Questions: What train was Steve waiting for? What questions was he asked? What did he answer? Why did people keep asking him questions?

Seeing off

One evening three men came onto the platform and asked the porter: "What time is the next train to Liverpool?" The porter said: "You have just missed one. But they go every hour. The next one is at 10 o'clock." "That's all right," they said, "we'll go and have a drink."

They went to the refreshment room. A minute or two after 10 o'clock they came running and said to the porter: "Has the train gone^" "Yes", he said, "it went at ten o'clock as I told you. The next is at eleven o'clock." "That's all right." they said, "we'll go and have another drink." So they went back to the refreshment room.

They missed the eleven o'clock train in the same way, and the porter said: "Now the next train is the last one; if you miss that, you won't get to Liverpool tonight."

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Twelve o'clock came, and the last train was just starting out when the three of them came out of the refreshment room running as fast as they could. Two of them got in a carriage just as the train was leaving, but the third one didn't run fast enough and the train went out leaving him behind. He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a train was the best joke in the world. The porter went up to him and said: "I told you that this was the last train Why didn't you come earlier?"

The man couldn't answer because he was laughing. Then he said to the porter: "Did you see those two men get into the train and leave me here?" "Yes, I saw them." "Well, I was the one who was going to Liverpool; they only came here to see me off!"

Questions: Why did the three men come to the station? How often did the trains to Liverpool go? Where did the three men go to kill the time before the journey? Did they catch the 10 o'clock train? What happened a few minutes after 11 o'clock? What time was the last train to Liverpool? Did the men catch it? Why was the third man laughing?

My Uncle Tom

My uncle Tom worked on the railway. It wasn't a big station, it was a little place called Lowton Cross. Only about two trains a day stopped there, and Tom was station-master, chief porter all in one. In fact Tom did any work that came along. Lowton Cross was the pride of his heart; the waiting-room was cleaned every day by the chief cleaner (Tom); the chairs were polished by the chief polisher (Tom); and the tickets were sold and collected by the chief ticket-collector (Tom) — sometimes there were as many as four tickets a day — and the money was counted every evening by the chief clerk (Tom)

That station was run well. Tom was very strict about rules. He knew what a passenger was allowed to do and was not allowed to do. He was there for 50 years and then he had to retire. There is no doubt that Tom did his job well, in all the 50 years he never missed a single day. So the railway company wanted to thank him for hib job. A man from the head office was asked to go to Lowton Cross to do it.

Tom was thanked and was given a small cheque as a present He was very pleased, of course, but he said to the man: "1 don't need the money. But can 1 have something that will remind me of the happy days 1 have spent in Lowton Cross?" The man asked him what he wanted. "Well, sir, could the Company let me have a part of an old railway carriage? It doesn't matter how old or broken it is I want to put it in my garden, and every day I can go and sit in it."

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About a week later a carriage was sent and was taken into Tom's garden. Tom worked at it, and it was cleaned and painted and polished. Soon we went to see Tom. It was a bad day for a visit. It began to rain as we got off the train, and by the time we got to Tom's house it was raining hard. We knocked but there was no answer. Tom wasn't in the house. We thought he was in his carriage. Sure enough, he was there, but he was not sitting in his carriage, he was outside, on the step of the carriage smoking his pipe. His head was covered with a sack. We asked him why he did not go inside the carriage. "Can't you see," said Tom, "the carriage they sent me was a non-smoker."

Questions: Where did uncle Tom work? How many trains a day stopped at the station? What kind of work did uncle Tom do? What did the Company do to thank Tom? What present did uncle Tom want to receive? What present was uncle Tom given? Who came to see uncle Tom once? What was the weather like that day? Where did Tom's relatives find him? What were they surprised at? Why didn't Tom go inside the carriage?

Reading At the Railway Station

It's common knowledge that nowadays people travel a lot. They travel on business and for pleasure, about the country and abroad. Those who wish to travel have at their disposal various means of transport: express trains and big ships, cars and jet airliners.

Although we all agree that the future belongs to the air trans­port, the railway is still one of the most popular means of commu­nication. Of course, if people are short of time and have to travel a long distance they usually travel by air. But if they have time they prefer to go by train.

With a train you have speed, comfort and pleasure combined. From the comfortable corner seat of a carriage you have a splendid view of the countryside. If you are hungry you can have a meal in the dining-car and if the journey is long you can have a comfortab­le bed in a sleeper.

A big railway station is a very busy and interesting place. Let's imagine that we are at one of them.

There are a lot of platforms at which trains come in and go out. A train is standing at one of the platforms ready to leave. The porters are very busy carrying luggage to the train or pushing it on their trucks. On another platform a train has just come in. Some passengers are getting out, others are getting in. Those who ha-

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ven't got their tickets in advance are waiting in queues at the booking-office. At the bookstalls people are choosing books, maga­zines and newspapers for the journey. At the cloak — room some people are leaving and taking their luggage.

There are a lot of notices in a big railway station. You may see ENTRANCE and EXIT. There is also a WAITING-ROOM where you can relax until it is time to board your train. If you are hungry or thirsty you'll go to the REFRESHMENT ROOM.

If you don't know the number of the platform from which your train leaves, look for the notices ARRIVALS and DEPARTURES. They will tell you the number of the platform.

When you arrive in a large town you may leave your heavy luggage at the station. In this case you will look for the CLOAK ROOM or LEFT LUGGAGE OFFICE.

You will also see the notice BOOKING OFFICE. This is where you buy your ticket. If you don't know the time or the platform your train leaves from you'll go to the INQUIRY OFFICE or the INFORMATION BUREAU.

Self check

/. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary: Mr Dobson is fond ... travelling. He thinks there is nothing like travel ... board... the train.

Last week Mr Dobson went ... Dublin ... business. He travel­led... train. He arrived ... the station an hour ... the departure. ...his arrival... the station he bought some newspapers and a magazine ... the newsagent's and went ... the waiting-room to wait... his train. He was reading a newspaper when he heard the loudspeaker: "Attention, please! The train ... Dublin is leaving ... platform I." Mr Dobson put his newspaper ... his briefcase, got up and went ... his platform. He found his carriage and boarded ... the train. He had a comfortable night... the train and reached ... Dublin ... 8 a. m.

//. Translate into English:

— Добрый день!

— Добрый день. Чем могу быть полезна?

— Есть ли поезда на Москву сегодня?

— Да, есть два ночных поезда.

— Когда они отправляются?

— В 9 и 11 часов.

— Когда поезд, который отправляется в 9 часов, прибывает в Москву?

— В 7 часов утра.

— Это время меня устраивает. Есть ли билеты на этот поезд?

— Да, есть несколько билетов первого класса.

— Мне повезло.

Fluency

/. Answer the questions:

How often do you travel by train? Do you enjoy travelling by train? Why/Why not? What do you like or dislike about large stati­ons? When did you last travel by train? Where did you go? Did you book a ticket in advance? How much did it cost? Did you travel by an express or a stopping train? You didn't have to change trains did you? What time did the train leave? When did you arrive at the station? Did you travel light or heavy? What did you do after you boarded the train? Did you have a lower or an upper berth? Which berth do you prefer? How much did the bedding cost? How did you spend the time during the journey? Did you like the conductor? Was he/she very helpful? Did you get off the train on your way to X? When did the train arrive in X? How long did you stay in X? What was your journey back like?

//. Speak on:

a) your last journey by train

b) the local railway station

///. Discuss the following:

1. A big railway station is the best place to spend a spare hour.

2. There is nothing like travelling by train.

IV. Act out the following situations:

1. An English colleague of yours wants to go to Moscow to take part in an exhibition. Не/she asks you about trains to Moscow. You've been to Moscow many times and give him/her all the necessary information.

2. You are on business in London. Soon you are going to return to your native country. You phone the railway-booking agency to inquire about the time-table and tickets.

3. You are on board the train Minsk-Moscow. There is an En­glishman/Englishwoman in your compartment. In an hour you are busy talking.

V. Write about a journey by train that impressed you greatly.

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UNIT 18 TOPIC: TRAVELLING BY AIR

COMMUNICATION: INTRODUCTIONS

TEXT. AIR TRAVEL

When travelling by air you have to get to the airport early in order to check in about an hour before your flight. If you have a lot of luggage, you can put it on a trolley and push it to the check-in desk where someone will check your ticket and weigh your luggage. If you have excess luggage, it can be expensive. Your heavy lug­gage is put on a conveyer belt and carried away. A light bag is classified as hand luggage and you can take it with you on the plane. An immigration officer looks at your passport and a security guard checks your hand luggage before you go into the departure lounge to wait till your flight is called. If you want to, you can buy some cheap duty free goods here. Then you see on the departures board or hear an announcement that you must board your plane. You go through the departure gate, then there is sometimes a secu­rity check before you actually enter the plane When all {he passen­gers are on board and when the captain and his crew are ready in the cockpit, the plane begins to taxi to the end of the runway. Final­ly, permission is received from the control tower and the plane moves faster and faster in order to take off.

Flying is fun. I like being in a big airliner with the cabin crew (stewards and stewardesses) looking after me. They walk up and down the aisle bringing meals and drinks; and if the flight is going through some turbulence, they warn everybody that it might be a bit bumpy and ask us to fasten our seat-belts. On a long flight I like listening to music through the headphones available to all passen­gers, and sometimes I have a sleep. I enjoy it all so much that I never want the plane to land.

Comprehension

/. Listen to the text and answer the questions:

Why do passengers have to come to the airport an hour before the departure? What does a passenger do if he/she has a lot of lug­gage? What do you have to do if you have excess luggage? Where do passengers wait for their plane? What happens when all the passengers are on board? Does the writer like travelling by air? Why? How does he while away the time during the flight?

//. Read the text and analyse its language peculiarities. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.

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Special Difficulties

/. Respond to the following:

e.g. A: He learnt to cook in Paris. Were you surprised?

B: No. He went to Paris to learn to cook, (slight stress on "went") or B: No. He went to Paris in order to learn to cook, (slight stress

on "order")

He ... Were you surprised?

1. met Bill in Edinburgh 2. sold his pictures in London 3. opened a bank account in Switzerland 4. painted a portrait in Rome 5. learnt to fly in Australia 6. played tennis in Florida 7. climbed mountains in Wales 8. skied in Norway 9. watched the penguins in the Antarctic 10. dived for treasure in the Mediterranean 11. had an eye operation in Russia 12. gave a concert in Munich 13. studied judo in Japan 14. wrote a book in Seville 15. photographed lions in Africa.

e.g. A: I had a lovely time yesterday. I wrote letters all day. B: Do you really enjoy writing letters? I had a lovely time yesterday. I ... all day. 1. washed windows 2. peeled potatoes 3. mended socks 4, ironed shirts 5. polished the silver 6. played with the children 7. practised the piano 8. worked in the garden 9. cooked 10. baked 11. watched cricket

e.g. A (in tones of sympathy): You have to make beds, I suppose. B: Yes, but I like making beds! You have to ... 1 suppose.

1. do housework 2. live economically 3. shop around 4. look after the children 5. help them with their homework 6. read to them 7. an­swer their questions 8. attend their school concerts 9. give child­ren's parties

e.g. A: Do you want to make a speech? B: No, I want you to make a speech. Do you want to ...

1. lead the deputation 2. receive the mayor 3. speak first 4. introduce the speakers 5. sign the cheque 6. attend the conference 7. give a talk 8. make the arrangements 9. fix a date 10. organize the reception 11. open the champagne

Text Exercises

/ Ask questions on the text. II. Retell the text.

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///. When did you last travel by air? Where did you fly? When did you come to the airport for registration? What was the registra­tion like? Did the plane take off on time? Did you have a good flight? How did you while away the time during the flight? How long did your flight last? When did the plane land at X?

Conversation Practice

/. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions, role-play the conversations:

Booking Airline Tickets

— I want to fly to Geneva on or about the first.

— I'll just see what there is.

— I want to go economy and I'd prefer the morning.

— Lufthansa Flight LH 203 leaves at 9.20.

— What time do I have to be there?

— The coach leaves for the airport at 8.15.

2. — I'd like to book a flight to Munich for Monday the tenth.

— I'll have a look in the time-table for you.

— I'll need an economy class open return.

— KLM have got a DC-9 leaving at 9.25.

— What else ought I to know?

— The latest time of reporting is 8.35 at the airport.

3. — What flights are there from London to Vienna tomorrow?

— If you'd like to take a seat, I'll find out for you.

— I'd like to travel first class, please.

- BEA flight BE 502 takes off from Heathrow at 9.25 and flies direct.

— What time have I got to get there?

— You'll have to be at West London Air Terminal by 8.10 at the latest.

4.— Are there any planes to Zurich on Sunday?

— If you'll excuse me for a second, I'll check.

— By the way, I don't want a night flight.

— There's a plane at 9.20.

— When am I supposed to check in?

— You must be at the airport before 8.35.

Situations: 1. You've come to the booking-office to book a flight to Moscow. The clerk is ready to help you. 2. You want to fly to London at the end of the month. You are phoning the booking-office to inquire about the time-table and tickets.

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Checking in

1. Mr Dobson: Can I check here for the British Airways flight to

New York?

Clerk: Yes, sir. May I see your ticket and passport?

Mr Dobson: Here you are.

Clerk: That's fine. Can you put your suitcase on the

scales, please?

Mr Dobson- Of course. How much does it weigh?

Clerk: 23 kilos. I'm sorry, but you'll have to pay excess

baggage charge.

Mr Dobson: Oh! It's only three kilos overweight.

Clerk: Yes, sir ... that's £6 ... Thank you. Would you like to

go through to the departure lounge?

Questions: Where is Mr Dobson flying? What does the clerk ask him to do? How much does Mr Dobson's lug­gage weigh? How much does he have to pay for the excess luggage?

2. Mr Nelson: Is this Mercury Airlines counter? Clerk: Yes, it is. May I help you?

Mr Nelson: I'd like to check my reservation for today's flight to Mexico City.

Clerk: May I see your ticket and passport?

Mr Nelson: Is eveiything in order?

Clerk: Yes, it is. Where is your baggage?

Mr Nelson: It's over there.

Clerk: Very well. It weighs exactly thirty pounds.

Mr Nelson: Do I get a baggage check?

Clerk: Yes, you do. Here it is. Now go to gate number se-

ven. Your flight number is 326.

Mr Nelson: What time does the plane leave?

Clerk: At 4 30.

Mr Nelson: Excuse rne. Is this gate seven?

Official: Yes, it is. We are boarding the plane at any mo­ment.

Mr Nelson: Why! I'm right on time!

Mr Nelson: May I take any seat?

Stewardess: Yes, any seat not marked "reserved".

Mr Nelson: When do we take off?

Stewardess: In about five minutes No smoking, please.

Mr Nelson: Miss! Do we land in Washington? Are we landing now?

Stewardess: Yes, we are. Please, fasten your belts.

Here, let me help you. There! Mr Nelson: Thank you.

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Stewardess: You are welcome. Well, here we are. Questions: What place does Mr Nelson want to check his reser­vation to? Are his ticket and passport in order? How much does his baggage weigh? What time does the plane leave? What seat did the stewardess tell him to take? Where did they land?

Situation: You are registering for the 10 o'clock flight to Wa­shington at Sheremetyevo Airport.