- •Contents
- •Inflexions
- •1. Grammar as a science
- •2. Language and speech
- •1. Complete the sentences
- •Parts of speech
- •Parts of speech. The problem of classification
- •1. Complete the following sentences
- •2. Complete the chart on English stems with examples
- •3. Complete the chart on approaches to the problem of classification with their distinctive features
- •4. Read an extract; complete the given chart using the words out of the story.
- •1. The Verb. General notion
- •2. Classification of Verbs
- •1. Complete the sentences
- •2. Give a distinctive characteristic of the Verb as a Part of Speech from the following points of view
- •3. Complete the chart with your own examples
- •4. Complete the chart with your own examples
- •5. Complete the chart with your own examples
- •The Noun. General characteristic
- •Classification Of Nouns
- •Countables and uncountables
- •According to lexical meaning: common and proper
- •Possessive
- •To be treated as
- •Masculine
- •Feminine
- •2. Give a distinctive characteristic of the Noun as a Part of Speech from the following points of view:
- •Interchangeable
- •The Pronoun. General notion
- •Classification of Pronouns
- •Personal Pronouns
- •Indicate
- •I) Negative pronouns
- •1. Complete the sentences
- •2. Give a distinctive characteristic of the Pronoun as a Part of Speech from the following points of view:
- •3. Complete the chart with the examples
- •1. The Adjective. General notion
- •2. Classification of Adjectives
- •3. Degrees of Comparison
- •5. Substantivized Adjectives
- •6. The Adverb. General notion
- •7. Classification of Adverbs
- •8. Degrees Of Comparison
- •1. Complete the sentences
- •2. Give a distinctive characteristic of the Adjective and the Adverb as a Part of Speech from the following points of view
- •3. Complete the chart with 7 examples each section
- •3. Adjective or adverb? Circle the correct word.
- •1. The Numeral. General notion
- •2. Classification of the Numerals
- •1) According to form:
- •2) According to content:
- •3. The Article. General notions
- •2. Special Cases
- •1. No article:
- •2. The indefinite article
- •3. The definite article
- •1. Complete the sentences
- •2. Give a distinctive characteristic of the Noun as a Part of Speech from the following points of view
- •3. Complete the chart on the Numerals with examples
- •4. Countable or uncountable. Put in a, an or nothing (–).
- •1. The Interjection
- •1. Coordinating Conjunction
- •2. Subordinating Conjunction
- •3. Correlative Conjunction
- •3. The Preposition
- •1. Complete the sentences
- •2. Conjunctions. Choose the best conjunction to join the sentences.
- •4. Tenses with time conjunctions. Circle the correct form.
- •5. Put in for, from, to, at, in, off, on, through or under.
- •Investigate
- •1. Sentence as a unit of syntax
- •Interrogative (general, special, alternative, disjunctive)
- •Imperative
- •2. Parts of the Sentence
- •3. Word-groups
- •1. Complete the sentences
- •2. Write out of your home reading texts the examples of the different types of sentences
- •3. Read and extract, define the parts of speech in the sentences. Define the part of speech of the given words.
- •4. Read an extract; define the ways of connection among the words in the word-groups.
- •1. Composite sentences. General notion
- •2. Compound sentences
- •3. Intermediate types of composite sentences
- •Sentences with correlative clauses
- •Sentences with consecutive clauses
- •4. Complex sentences
- •1. Complete the sentences
- •2. Write out from your home reading texts composite sentences of different types.
- •3. Define the type of the following sentences and divide them into clauses (if possible):
- •A list of terms
C
Common
Possessive
Fusion
To be treated as
Masculine
Feminine
ase
What are the Cases in English? 2. What is the difference between them? 3. What are the special cases of the Possessive Case usage?
The Common case
The Possessive case
The common case has a zero inflexion.
The possessive case is a combination of 2 components tied up by the form-element (suffix) ‘s.
If the first component is plural with –es, we observe the fusion of ‘s-element with the plural suffix – es – students’.
With exceptions the pattern is similar – children’s.
With proper nouns having [s] or [z] at the end the possessive element is denoted by ‘s and is pronounced as [iz] – Dickens’s.
Compounds are treated as one word, with ‘s after the 2nd stem: mother-in-law’s.
With a group of nouns connected by the conjunction and the possessive suffix placed after the 2nd stem – John and Peter’s room.
In certain cases a noun in Possessive Case is not followed by the 2nd component – this is the absolute possessive.
Whose umbrella is it? – Aunt Mary’s.
He’s an old friend of my father’s.
I bought is at the baker’s.
Gender?
Is there such a category as Gender in English grammar? 2. What are the general means of Gender expression? 3. What is the gender of the nouns if they are personified?
Grammatical category of gender is not found in English nouns. Most nouns have the same form for masculine and feminine.
In some cases such indications are expressed by lexical means:
Meaning of the word: girl – boy
Word-building suffix –ess: waiter – waitress
The 1st stem of a compound noun: boy-friend, girl-friend, she-wolf.
If personified:
The Sun – masculine
The Moon – feminine
Earth, country, ship, boat, car - feminine.
PRACTICE
1. Complete the sentences
The noun is a part of speech …
Countable nouns have …
Nouns denoting living beings have …
Syntactical functions are of ….
The Noun may be used as …
The Noun is associated with ….
The Noun may be modified with ….
Countable nouns denote ….
Uncountable nouns denote ….
Common nouns are names …
Class nouns denote …
Collective nouns denote …
Material nouns denote …
Abstract nouns denote …
Proper nouns are names given to ….
Countables have 2 numbers - ….
Uncountables are subdivided into
Compound nouns form the plurality …
2 cases of the Noun in English are …
The common case has …
The possessive case is …
2. Give a distinctive characteristic of the Noun as a Part of Speech from the following points of view:
Meaning Semantical criteria |
Form Morphological criteria |
Function Syntactical criteria |
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3. Complete the chart with your own examples
Countable nouns |
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Uncountable nouns |
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Common nouns |
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Class nouns |
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Collective nouns |
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Material nouns |
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Abstract nouns |
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Proper nouns |
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4. Countable or uncountable? Which nouns can be plural? Write the plural or ✗. school - sugar - answer - milk - news - information - bank - day - suggestion - knowledge -luck - chicken
5. Countable and uncountable nouns. Correct (✓) or not (✗)?
1. These luggages are heavy. 2. Can you give me some advices? 3. Your hair is beautiful. 4. Tom started a new work last month. 5. I’m tired - I need some holiday. 6. I’ve just heard an interesting piece of news. 7. I’ve just bought some furniture for my new flat. 8. I don’t drink coffee in the evenings. 9. Could I have two tea, three coffee and a cola, please? 10. I bought a paper to read on the train. 11. You need more experiences to get that job. 12. She has a long piece of travel to her new job.
6. noun + noun. Write noun + noun names for these.
Model: a plate made of paper - a paper plate
1. a shirt made of cotton 2. a person who plays tennis 3. a person who repairs shoes 4. soup made from vegetables 5. a table in the kitchen