Identification of markers which prevents the use of donor blood for transfusion

*HBs – antigen+++

*HBc - antigen

*HBe - antigen

*HBe - antibody

*HAVi

# 904

*!The basic methods of laboratory diagnostics of viral hepatitis B

*identification of the virus in laboratory animals using neutralization

*accumulation of virus in cell culture and the indication by CPD pathogen

*identification of virions in the blood under the microscope

*serological and molecular-genetic+++

*accumulation of virus in a chick embryo

# 905

*! Hepatitis D Markers

*anti-HDVIgM+++

*anti-HBsAgIgM

*anti-HAVIgM

*anti-HCVIgM

*anti-HBcIgM

# 906

*! For the prevention of hepatitis A is currently used vaccine

*live

*killed

*plasma

*recombinant

*inactivated++++

# 907

! * Hepatitis B virus, which corresponds to this morphological pattern

 

*B++

*C

*D

*F

*A

# 908

*! The test material, which must be taken from the patient to confirm the diagnosis of hepatitis A

*cerebrospinal fluid

*sputum

*blood serum++

*bile

*urine

# 909

*! Hepatitis B virus, which corresponds to this morphological pattern

*В

*С

*D++

*F

*А

# 910

*!Hepatitis C virus belongs to the family

*orthomyxoviridae

*hepadnaviridae

*picornaviridae

*flaviviridae+++

*retroviridae

# 911

*!The hepatitis A virus belongs to the family

* orthomyxoviruses

* picornaviruses+++

* gepadnavirusy

* flaviviruses

* retroviruses

# 912

*!Prions are pathogens *slow viral infection *traumatic diseases *viroid infections *mycoses *helminthiases

# 913

*!The etiology of pneumonia characteristic of HIV infection

*staphylococcal

*pneumococcal

*streptococcal

*pneumocystis

*viral

# 914

*! Serological diagnosis method used for confirmation of the diagnosis of HIV and the study material for study

*breast milk (ELISA)

*sperm (PHA)

*saliva (HAI)

*blood (ELISA)

*CSF (CFR)

# 915

*! When a laboratory study, the patient's blood serum using ELISA virologist detected antibodies to HIV

To confirm the diagnosis used

*immunoblotting

*radioimmunoassay

*linked immunosorbent assay

*immunofluorescence

*indirect hemagglutination reaction

# 916

*!Family AIDS pathogen

*flaviviruses

*retroviruses

*picornaviruses

*orthomyxoviruses

*paramyxoviruses

# 917

*!HIV infects cells of the immune system

*T-helper cells

*neutrophils

*T-suppressors

*plasma cells

*cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

# 918

*!Way of infection with HIV

*contact-household *transmissible *water *parenteral *alimentary

# 919

*!The method for laboratory confirmation of HIV / AIDS diagnosis

*immunoblotting

*immunoassay method

*indirect hemagglutination reaction

*definition of the relationship CD4 + / CD8 + -cells

*determining the number of T and B lymphocytes

# 920

*!Method of laboratory confirmation of diagnosis of HIV / AIDS *immunoblotting *enzyme immunoassay *the reaction of indirect hemagglutination *determination of the ratio of CD4 + / CD8 + cells *determination of the number of T- and B-lymphocytes

# 921

*!Antigens of the core of HIV *gp 120, gp 41 *p 18, p24 *p 7, p 9 *gp 120, p 8 *gp 41, p 24

# 922

*! HIV causative agent belongs family

*Retroviridae

*Coronaviridae

*Picornaviridae

*Rhabdoviridae

*Orthomyxoviridae

# 923

*!Virus, transmitted by airborne droplets *hepatitis B *cytomegalovirus *hepatitis C *measles+++ *HIV

# 924

*!Epidemiological features of MS infection *epidemic outbreak among children, hospital infection+++ *sexual transmission of transmission *sick animals *requires specific prophylaxis *endemic

# 925

*!In men 28 years flu season after contact with a person who has catarrhal phenomena, after 2 hours had the feeling aches in the joints, fever, cough rare. Which of these methods is informative survey?

*reaction of passive hemagglutination

*color reaction of the sample

*blood on sterility

*agglutination++

*precipitation reaction

# 926

*!Material for the diagnosis of influenza

*smears from the nose+++

*vomit

*excreta

*throat swab

*sputum

# 927

*!The pathway of transmission of infection caused by parainfluenza virus *сontact-household *airborne+++ *fecal-oral *alimentary *sexual

# 928

*! PC-virus causes

*heavy defeat of the lower respiratory tract in infants+++

*severe lesions of the lower respiratory tract in adults

*loss of the nasal mucosa

*aseptic meningitis

*inflammation of the larynx

# 929

*!Antigens of the grip virus, which are associated with a change in subtypes as a result of drift and schift, leading to the emergence of new epidemics *O, K *H, N+++ *K, H *Vi, O *M, K

# 930

*!The cause of influenza epidemics *decrease in the immune layer in the population++ *inadequate nutrition in various social groups of the population *absence of migration of population *high vaccination coverage *the presence of collective immunity

# 931

*!Woman, 24 years old, went to the doctor complaining of hoarseness, "wheeze in his voice," cough, low-grade fever and a slight malaise.

Most likely the causative agent in this disease?

*adenovirus

*parainfluenza

*enterovirus

*flu++

*measles

# 932

*!The Epstein-Barr virus causes *kaposi's sarcoma++ *infectious mononucleosis *shingles *cytomegaly *rubella

# 933

*!The rabies virus forms *the Babes-Ernst calf *volutin grains+++ *disputes *Babesh-Negri's body *syncytium

# 934

*!Possible complications in boys after mumps infection *adnexitis *cystitis *orchitis+++ *otitis *maxillary sinusitis

# 935

*!For herpes zoster is characteristi

*the appearance of roseola pale skin

*hemorrhagic star-shaped elements

*gradual appearance maculopapular rash

*a rich punctulate rash hyperemic background

*bubbles on the skin located along the groups of nerve trunks+++

# 936

*!If you often recurrent, widespread throughout the patient's herpetic infection should be evaluated for

*flu

*HIV++

*meningococcal infection

*staphylococcal infections

*enterovirus diseases

# 937

*!The virus most often causing teratogenic action *rubella+++ *HIV *influenza *parainfluenza *hepatitis A

# 938

*!Methods of diagnosis of herpesvirus infections

*ELISA+++

* RFA

* CFR

* RA

* RN

# 939

*!The material for laboratory research in diseases caused by Herpes zoster, are

*punctuate of lymph nodes

*bone marrow puncture

*spleen punctuate

*blood++

*urine

# 940

*! Etiotipic agents/medicin for the treatment of herpes infections

*oxolinic ointment

*rimantadine

*ribavirin

*zovirax++

pPegasys

# 941

*! The herpes simplex virus is replicated in the first

*root sensory nerves

*spinal nerve ganglia

*horns of the spinal cord

*bloodstream

*epithelial cells+++

# 942

*!Genome herpes viruses presented

*double-stranded linear DNA++

*double-stranded DNA and RNA

*the single-stranded DNA

*single-stranded RNA

*double-stranded RNA

# 943

*!Path of hepatitis E virus infection

*fecal-oral++

*air-dust

*transmissible

*parenteral

*contact

# 944

*! Diseases caused by HSV -1 ends

*fatal

*bacteriocarrier

*becomes in chronic form

*complete recovery without consequences+++

*remains in a latent (dormant) state in neurons

# 945

*!Type HSV-1 or HSV-2 examines the PCR on samples

*fluid from sores+++

*in breast milk

*saliva, sweat

*urine

*kala

# 946

*!Laboratory animals sensitive to Coxsackie infection *rats *monkey *sucking mice *guinea pigs++ *rabbits

# 947

*!For the diagnosis of polio is used reaction

*color samples+++

*ringprecipitation

*flocculation reaction in vitro

*reaction neutralization vivo

*hemagglutination inhibition

# 948

*!Differential diagnosis of types of poliomyelitis

*hemagglutination inhibition

*complement fixation test

*agglutination

*precipitation reaction

*color sample+++

# 949

*!The color reaction is used to determine the type of polio virus

*in biomaterials from a patient++

*in biomaterials from animals

*in the air

*in water

*in soil

# 950

*!Vulnerable contingent virus polio

*adults from 18 to 45 years old

*adults from 46 to 65 years

*children up to 5 years+++

*teens

*mature

# 951

*!Specific polio prevention

*the introduction of specific immunoglobulin

*vaccination of live attenuated vaccine+++

*vaccination with an inactivated vaccine

*personal hygiene

*the introduction of tetanus toxoid

# 952

*!The entrance gate of infection in poliomyelitis

*cells of the reticuloendothelial system

*oral epithelial cells+++

*macrophage system cells

*mesenteric lymph nodes

*alveocytes

# 953

*! The man, 38 years old, comes to the infectious diseases hospital with meningitis symptoms. Puncture of cerebrospinal fluid is calm, there is no inflammation. From the words of the patient has been in contact with the child, who fell ill with meningitis of unknown etiology. The liquor was investigated by PCR. Expected etiology of meningitis

The most likely causative agent of meningitis

*polio virus+++

*coxsackie virus A

*coxsackie B virus

*influenza virus

*ECHO virus

# 954

*!The source of infection with the polio

*rodents

*animals

*birds

*flea

*people++++

# 955

*! Laboratory animals sensitive to the virus of poliomyelitis *horses *monkeys++ *sucking mouse *guinea pigs *rabbits

# 956

*! Diagnostic method used to determine the serotype of the virus polio

*hemagglutination inhibition reaction to determine the type of virus

*hemagglutination inhibition reaction to determine the antibody titer

*hemagglutination inhibition reaction to determine the virus titer

*indirect hemagglutination reaction

*color sample+++

# 957

*!The path of infection caused by paramyxoviruses

*transfusion

*aerosol++

*alimentary

*food

*water

# 958

*!Pathogen rotavirus belongs to the family

*reovirus+++

*adenovirus

*herpesvirus

*ortomiksovirusov

*paramyxovirus

# 959

*!The essence of abortive viral infection is

*virus reproduction is interrupted at any stage+++

*malignant transformation of cells

*formation of cell symplasts

*formation of cell inclusions

*destruction of cells

# 960

*! The cowpox virus genome researchers have integrated the gene of hepatitis B virus which is responsible for HBsAg synthesis. Recombined virus plan to use as a vaccine formulation. The vaccine is of a type.

*genetic engineering+++

*combined

*associated

*synthetic

*chemical

# 961

*!After examination of the patient and the physician with a history patient diagnosed "Hepatitis D (Delta)."

Markers confirming this diagnosis

*B and D++

*A and B

*E and D

*A and D

*F and D

# 962

*! A month after returning from summer camp the child was taken to the infectious diseases hospital with symptoms on the basis of which the doctor has diagnosed "hepatitis A". The mechanism of infection of the child.

*fecal-oral+++

*airborne dust

*transmissible

* parenteral

*contact

# 963

*!The city epidemiologist outbreak of hepatitis associated with a water transmission factor.

Type of hepatitis

*A++

*D

*C

*B

*G

# 964

*!The Maternity Hospital received a pregnant woman, who in the past had been ill with hepatitis "B".

When serological study antigens of hepatitis viruses have been identified.

*in the lymph nodes

*+in the blood+++

*in the intestine

*stomach

*in blood

# 965

*!Principles of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis *detection of antigens+++ *detection of inclusions *detection of the CPD *external examination of the patient *anamnesis

# 966

*!The outcome of hepatitis C disease

* the development of liver failure

*development of chronic hepatitis++

*recovery

*hepatomegaly

*pancreatitis

# 967

*!The students carried out the nursing care of patients with hepatitis. Two weeks after the passage of educational practice Ivanov felt unwell, and after 3 days became dark urine (to resemble the color of beer). The path of infection of the student Ivanova.

*trauma

*blood transfusion

*when cleaning the room

*contact with the patient

*for medical procedures++

# 968

*!Which kind of genetically engineered vaccine is used for the prevention of hepatitis

*A

*B++

*C

*D

*E

# 969

*!Viral hepatitis, the vaccine for which is included in the National Vaccination Schedule of the Republic of Kazakhstan

*A

*B+++

*C

*E

*G

# 970

*!Sources of infection of hepatitis C

*use the same utensils or products

*sick household items

*patients, virus carriers+++

*children of the first year of life

*handshake

# 971

*!The mechanism through which infection with the hepatitis E virus

*fecal-oral++

*air-dust

*transmissible

*parenteral

*contact

# 972

*!Features of viral hepatitis D

*more frequently worn without icterus form+++

*the appearance of jaundice intoxication decreases

*with the appearance of icterus, intoxication increases

*more common mild forms

*suffer mostly children under one year

# 973

*!Select epidemiological features of hepatitis B

*fecal-oral route of transmission *lack of seasonality of the disease++ *short incubation period *infection through contact with a patient with hepatitis *infection from contact with animals

# 974

*!Drugs used to treat chronic hepatitis

*gepatoprotectors+++

*antihistamines

*nitrofurans

*antibiotics

*antoxin

# 975

*!Ways of contracting HIV *airborne dust *parenteral++++ *fecal-oral *transmissible *airborne droplets

# 976

*!The enzyme that is part of HIV *plasmacoagulase *neuraminidase *revertase++ *streptokinase *lecithinase

# 977

*!AIDS characteristics

*acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, the final stage of HIV infection+++

*rapidly progressive infection of the central nervous system

*acute respiratory viral infection

*Human immunodeficiency virus"

*Epstein - Barr virus

# 978

*! Genomic RNA virus, which corresponds to this morphology

*Retroviridae+++

*Picornaviridae

*Rhabdoviridae

*Coronaviridae

*Orthomyxoviridae

# 979

*!Cancer, the most common in the development of AIDS

 

*pneumocystis pneumonia *adenocarcinoma *Kaposi's sarcoma+++ *herpetic infection *candidiasis

# 980

*!Pathogenesis of HIV infection *defeat of immunocompetent cells++ *progressive degeneration *the development of PPPT *reproduction in macrophages *viral aggression

# 981

*!The incubation period for HIV infection

*from 3-6 weeks to 3-6 months++++

*from 6 to 12 months

*from 1 year

*till 10 years

*7 days

# 982

*!High risk of concentration of the HIV virus is contained

*in the blood, semen, breast milk+++

*in all body fluids

*in the saliva, sweat

*in urine

*in the stool

# 983

*!The early period of the detection of antibodies to HIV after infection

*3 months

*2 weeks

*6 months+++

*4 weeks

*10 months

# 984

*!Changes in the immune system, characteristic of HIV infection

*reduction of lysozyme

*reduction in macrophages

*reduction of the microflora

*lowering serum globulins

*change in the ratio of T-helper and T-suppressor+++

# 985

*!HIV loses virulence by boiling for

*a few seconds

*a few hours

*30 min++++

*45 min

*60 min

# 986

*!Surface antigens of HIV

*gp 120, gp 41+++ *p 18, p 24

*p 8, p 9 *RNA *revertase

# 987

*!The end of the incubation period of HIV infection is associated

*rapid weight loss

*appearance of antibodies to +++

*fever

*enlarged lymph nodes

*decrease in lysozyme titer

"Viral infection" (more than 1 answer)

# 988

*!SEROTYPES OF PARAGRIPE VIRUS THAT HAVE THE LEAST CYTOPATIC ACTION

*HPIVs -1+++

*HPIVs -2

*HPIVs -3

*HPIVs -4+++

*HPIVs -5

# 989

*! Influenza virus surface antigens

*neuraminidase++

*hemagglutinin+++

*O antigen

*H antigen

*Vi antigen

*K antigen

# 990

*!CULTIVATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS WERE CARRIED OUT ON

*meat-peptone agar

*mannitol-salt agar

*chicken embryos++

*chocolate Agar

*cell culture+++

*blood agar

# 991

*! Virisus, part of the FAMILY PARAMYXOVIRIDAE

*Paramyxavirus+++

*Ortomixoviridae

*Morbillivirus++

*Pneumovirus+++

*Herpesviridae

*Poliovirus

*Totiviridae

*Flaviviridae

# 992

*!TYPES OF INFLUENZA VIRUS *C+++ * E *A++ *B++ *D *H *F

# 993

*! METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF INFLUENZA

*virological++ *virusoscopic++ *molecular genetic *bacteriological *immunological *biological *serological++ *allergic

# 994

*!MOST OPTIMAL MEDIA FOR CULTIVATING THE INFLUENZA VIRUS *chorion *air space *amniotic cavity++ *allantoic cavity++ *water area *yolk sac

# 995

*!WAYS OF TRANSMISSION OF EBOLA ARE:

*transmissible++

*parenteral

*transvarialny

*contact-household++

*fecal-oral++

*airborne

# 996

*!LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF HERPESTIC INFECTION PROMISES THE USE *micro-precipitation reactions *fingerprint microscopy+++ *immunoblotting *precipitation reaction

*ELISA+++ *complement fixation reaction+++ *radioimmunoassay *agglutination reaction

# 997

*!VIRUSES BELONGING TO THE FAMILY PIKORNOVIRUSOV

*Retrovirus

*Rinovirus++

*Aphtovirus++

*Hepatovirus

*Herpesvirus

*Adenovirus

*Enterovirus++

*Cardiovirus++

*Paramixovirus

# 998

*!Vaccines for specific prevention of POLIO

*Smorodintsev vaccine++

*Sebino vaccine++

*Pasteur vaccine

*Salk vaccine++

*DTP vaccine

*Td vaccine

*Hib vaccine

*PAC vaccine

# 999

*!SEROLOGICAL TYPES OF THE POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS *I++ *IV *II++ *V *VI *VII

 

# 1000

*!VIRUS THAT CAN INDUCE LIKE POLIOVIRUS DISEASES

*Coxsackie virus A and B+++

*Enterovirus 70

*Enterovirus 71+++

*Virus ECHO+++

*Dengue virus

*measles virus

# 1001

*!DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VIRUS *complexity of the structure++ *presence of glycoprotein "spines"++ *the inability to integrate into the genome of the cell *the ability to reproduce in a chicken embryo *the ability to reproduce in any biological material *reproduction is related to the activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase+++

# 1002

*!Basic principles of methods of laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection

*RA

*PCR+++

*ELISA+++

*biological

*immunoblotting

*microscopic

# 1003

*!TAXONOMY OF THE AIDS

*flaviviruses

*retroviruses

*lentiviruses

*picornavirus

*ortomiksovirusov

*paramyxoviruses

# 1004

*!HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN THE BODY IS CONTAMINATED IN

*hepatocytes

*muscle cells

*CD4 lymphocytes

*T-helper

*epithelial cells

*skin and subcutaneous tissue

# 1005

*!The main difference between the virus from eukaryotic and prokaryotic

*the absence of the protein-synthesizing system+++

*presence of one type of nucleic acid

*inability to growth and binary fission+++

*play by its own nucleic acid

*play by the nucleic acid of the host cell++

*the ability to live and reproduce outside of an animal or plant cell

# 1006

*!Types of interaction of viruses with cells

*reproduction

*abortifacient++

*productive++

*integrative++

*biochemical

*transcapsidation

*phage conversion

# 1007

*!INDICATION OF VIRUSES HOLD

*reaction Ascoli

*reaction gemadsorbtsii++

*agglutination reaction

*phenomenon Isayev-Preyffera

*for cytopathic effect++

*delays in hemagglutination

# 1008

*!ONCOGENIC VIRUSES *papovaviruses++ *orthomixoviruses *herepesthesia++ *enteroviruses *paramyxoviruses *rhabdoviruses

# 1009

*!The role of viral nucleic acid into cells

*antigen

*antibody

*protection of the viral genome

*specific adsorption on the cell

*carriers of hereditary information+++

*infectivity - introduction into the nucleus, and to ensure the reproduction of viral structures+++

# 1010

*! The main components of the virus

*the cytoplasmic membrane

*pils

*capsid+++

*spore

*capsule

*nucleoid

*capsomers+++

*DNA or RNA+++

*supercapsid+++

# 1011

*!Main characteristics of measles virus

*DNA –virus

*spheroidal virus

*neuraminidase missing+++

*gemaglyutinaza missing

*cubic symmetry type

*short-term immunity

*primary reproduction in the cells of the epithelium of the nasopharynx++ *airborne transmission path++

# 1012

*!PATHOGENESIS OF NATURAL ASPA *development of viremia+++ *localization in neurons *penetration through the screen *entrance gates of infection - upper respiratory tract mucosa++ *central nervous system damage *reproduction in lymph nodes++ *development of bacteremia *damage to bone tissue

# 1013

*!Disease caused by HSV type 2

*neonatal herpes++

*genital herpes++

*aphthous stomatitis

*cervical cancer

*chickenpox

*measles

# 1014

*!Herpes virus

*DNA-containing virus++

*cause lifelong persistence++

*produces lifelong immunity

*has hemagglutinating antigen

*an enterovirus

*sensitive to ether

# 1015

*!Herpes viruses are characterized by

*presence of RNA *presence of DNA++ *cause latent infection++ *have superficial HBs antigen *the capsid is built on a spiral type of symmetry *cultivated on nutrient media

# 1016

*!Disease caused by HSV-1 TYPE

*ARI

*Zig disease

*varicella

*smallpox

*genital herpes

*keratoconjunctivitis++

*neonatal herpes++

*girdle shingles (herpes zoster)

# 1017

*!CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE RUBELLA VIRUS *transmissive transmission path *passes through the placenta++ *the development of persistent, strenuous immunity++ *absence of specific prophylaxis *there is no external lipid membrane *inactivated at a temperature of 500C

# 1018

*!MEASLES pathogenesis involves the following steps

*viremia++

*vessel walls demage++

*bacterial super infection

*vesicular - pustulosis

*tissue swelling and necrotic changes in them++

*medullary swelling and necrosis of the mesenteric vessels

*multiplication of the virus in the mesenteric lymph nodes

*multiplication of the virus in the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract+++

*secondary viremia causes a characteristic skin lesions

# 1019

*!SPECIFIC MEASLES PREVENTION

*PAC+++

*DTP

*toxoid

*interferon

*killed vaccine

*live vaccine+++

# 1020

*!COMPLICATIONS OF THE REDUCEURE OF PREGNANCY

*development of immunodeficiency states

*upper respiratory tract infection

*intrauterine fetal injury+++

*development of fetal anomalies++

*damage to the lymphocytes

*defeat of t-helpers

"Mushrooms, NI"

# 1021

*!The microbiological control of NI caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is determined by establishment

*colicinovars

*phagovars

*serovars++

*phage types

*biovars

# 1022

*! Microorganisms reproduce by spores, sexually and asexually, vegetatively *mushrooms++ *viruses *chlamydia *rickettsia *spirochetes

# 1023

*!Forms of hyphae in mold fungi

*cocci

*plaques

*helix

*tubules++

*sperm

# 1024

*The body of the fungus

*asuka

*hypha

*conidia

*mycelium++

*zygospores

# 1025

*!The route of coccidioidosis transmission *airborne dust++ *sexual *parenteral *vertical *alimentary

# 1026

*! Pathogen of dermatomycosis

*favus

*mukora

*ascomycetes

*microsporium+++

*epidermophyton

# 1027

*!The method of laboratory diagnosis of superficial mycoses *virological *biological *bacteriological+++ *parasitological *mycological

# 1028

*!Physiology of fungi *are not capable of photosynthesis+++ *are capable of photosynthesis *mobile *absence of cell wall *produce vitamins

# 1029

*!Antiseptics with antifungal activity *ethanol *iodine solution *a solution of potassium permanganate *brilliant green solution+++ *hydrogen peroxide

# 1030

*!Basic methods of laboratory diagnosis of coccidiosis

*histological

*virological

*morphological

*immunological

*microscopic+++

# 1031

*!Epidermomycosis affects

*hair

*skin and nails+++

*eye conjunctiva

*parenchymal organs

*mucous membranes of the nasopharynx

# 1032

*!Single-celled eukaryotic microorganism

*mushrooms+++

*viruses

*chlamydia

*rickettsia

*spirochetes

# 1033

*!Microorganisms consisting of long, thin threads-hypha, interwoven into a mycelium.

* mushrooms/fungus+++

*viruses

*chlamydia

*rickettsia

*spirochetes

# 1034

*!Nutrient medium for isolating fungi of the genus Candida

*Rappoport

*Clauberg

*Saburo++

*Endo

*Ru

# 1035

*!To register the occurrence and development of NI, characteristics

*conditionally pathogenic microbe+++

*non-pathogenic microbe

*antitoxin

*toxoid

*toxin

# 1036

*!Considering the biological properties of hospitalized UPM strains, special attention should be paid to multidrug resistance. Substances to which resistance most often occurs

*disinfectants

*bacteriocins

*antibiotics+++

*antiseptic

*phages

# 1037

*!The regimen that most often forms the basis of the system of prophylaxis of nosocomial infections in a hospital

*antibacterial

*antimicrobial

*antifungal

*antiviral

*antiseptic++++

# 1038

*!Fagotyping of the studied cultures is carried out for the purpose of analysis

*epidemiological+++

*bacteriological

*virological

*serological

*biological

# 1039

*! The most important factor in the diagnosis of opportunistic infections is

*allocation of pure culture

*indication of pure culture

*quality criteria+++

*phage typing

*serotyping

# 1040

*!The property of hospital strains *high sensitivity to chemotherapy *are permanent inhabitants of the human body *are in the body in a symbiotic relationship *multidrug resistance to antibiotics+++ *absence of pathogenicity factors

# 1041

*!The criterion for identification of hospital strains *allocation of different ecowars from patients and the source of infection+++ *allocation of the same ecowar from patients and source of infection *ecowar only from patients *allocation of ecowar only from the source of infection *eco-care only from medical personnel

# 1042

*!Nosocomial infections

*transmitted from animals

*do not matter much

*transmitted only by drip

*require special diagnostic methods

*health care related diseases+++

# 1043

*!The causative agents of hospital infections are

* conditionally pathogenic microbes+++

*highly virulent bacteria

*tubercle bacillus

*tularemia stick

*actinomycetes

# 1044

*!The microbiological control of VBI should be carried out by the method

*skin-allergic

*bacteriological+++

*microscopic

*serological

*biological

# 1045

* !The etiological role of OM as a causative agent is confirmed

*repeated allocation of the same culture+++

*quantitative selection does not matter

*changes in cellular immunity factors

*changes in humoral factors

*completed stage of phagocytosis

# 1046

*!Trichophytosis strikes

*CNS

*hair+++

*eye conjunctiva

*skin of hands and nails++

*parenchymal organs

*mucous membrane of the nasopharynx

# 1047

*!Dermatomycetes are cultivated on

*endo agar

*MPa agar

*levina agar

*ploskyreva agar

*wort agar+++

# 1048

*!In the laboratory diagnosis of epidermomycosis

*form a sphere

*infect animals

*release endospores

*turn into exospores

*microscopic hair, nails, skin scales++

# 1049

*!On Saburo's medium, they cultivate

*mushrooms+++

*rickettsia

*spirochetes

*protozoa

*mycoplasma

# 1050

*!Mushrooms are cultivated on a medium

*Endo agar

*MPA agar

*Levina agar

*Ploskyreva agar

*Czapeka-Doxa agar+++

# 1051

*!To diagnose fungal infections is used next method,

*biological

*serological

*virological

*microscopic+++

*skin and allergic

# 1052

*! Mycoses, the first to appear in immunodeficient states *favus *candidiasis+++ *coccidiosis *trichomoniasis *trichophytosis

# 1053

*!Epidermomycosis affects

*pharynx

*teeth

*bones

*liver

*nails++++

# 1054

*!Causative agent of candidiasis

*yeast

*ascomycetes

*zygomycetes

*mushrooms

*yeast-like mushrooms+++

# 1055

*!Difference of fungi from bacteria

*presence of RNA

*the presence of DNA

*have ribosomes

*cause infections

*diploid set of chromosomes+++

# 1056

*!The true mycelium

*contains spores

*tissue form

*serves to fix and feed the fungus

*curved duct system with partitions+++

*single cells that do not have a common shell

# 1057

*!Perfect mushrooms

*form hyphae

*have endogenous spores

*in the form of fried eggs

*have a sperm form

*reproduce sexually and unsexually+++

# 1058

*!The microorganism shown in the figure and from which streptomycin was isolated

*E. coli *Bacilli *Staphylococci *Clostridia *Actinomycetes+++

# 1059

*!In the maternity hospital of newborns were isolated enteropathogenic strains of E.coli. At the same time, a nurse from the ward of the newborn had a diarrheal illness. In order to establish the source of infection, it is necessary to conduct a study. Method of investigation

*phagolysis

*microscopy

*phage typing+++

*serotyping

*antibioticogram

# 1060

*!In the children's team there is an outbreak of acute intestinal diseases corresponding to the clinical picture of dysentery. Diseases over time are associated with the employment of a new nanny. To investigate the outbreak, it is necessary to conduct microbiological studies.

Method of investigation

*phagocytosis

*bacterioscopy

*phage typing+++

*serotyping

*virological

# 1061

*!The infectious hospital received schoolchildren who ate in the school cafeteria. Everyone had complaints about abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever. Preliminary diagnosis of salmonellosis. It is necessary to conduct a microbiological study on the identity of food and school feces.

Method for the isolation of pure culture

*serology

*morphology

*microscopy

*immunology

*bacteriology+++

# 1062

*!In order to prepare the patient for surgery, a bladder was catheterized. After surgery, the patient began to complain of frequent urge to urinate, burning and itching after the act of urination. With microscopic and bacteriological study of urine, gram-positive cocci were found in the form of bunches of grapes. It is necessary to determine the identity of this species of microbes.

Method of establishing the source of infection

*phage typing

*microscopy+++

*immunology

*serology

*phagolysis

# 1063

*!Bacteriological study indicates the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In order to determine the nosocomial infection, it is necessary to conduct a study on the identity of this microbe. The most correct definition is

*antibioticogram+++

*phage typing

*serotyping

*microscopy

*immunology

# 1064

*! The most "dangerous" facilities of the hospital environment for the emergence of nosocomial infections

*food

*patients

*visitors

*medical. Staff+++

*bacterial carriers

# 1065

*!Of the emetic masses of the patient with food poisoning, the remnants of sour cream and cottage cheese, coagulase-positive staphylococci have been isolated. The study that must be conducted to identify the source of infection

*seeding on casein coal agar

*serotyping

*phage typing+++

*put the reaction agglutination

*determine hemolytic properties of pathogen

# 1066

Pathogens of nosocomial infection

*pseudomonas+++

*reoviruses

*brucella

*rickettsia

*shigella

# 1067

*!Formation of nosocomial strains of pathogens from community-acquired ones occurs as a result of

*hypersensitivity to antiseptics

*high sensitivity to disinfectants

*formation of plasmid resistance+++

*formation of fertility plasmids

*sensitivity to antibiotics

# 1068

*!To the development of nosocomial infection leads

*violation of diet

*climatic conditions

*decreased immunity+++

*violation of sleep

*season of the year

"Fungi, Nosocomial infections " (more than 1 answer)

# 1069

*!OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS CAUSE DISEASE WHEN AVAILABLE

*localization of infection++

*constancy of microflora composition

*sensitivity to antibiotics

*high virulence of the pathogen

*in violation of integral integuments++

*resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics++

# 1070

*!ACTINOMYCETES

*protozoa

*fikomycetes

*molds

*subcutaneous mycoses

*hemoorganotrophs+++

*heterogeneous group of filamentous bacteria+++

# 1071

*! DEEP MIKOSES

*candidiasis

*ascomycosis

*zygosporoz

*aspergillosis++

*cryptococcosis++

*histoplasmosis++

# 1072

*!FORM OF COCCIDIOSIS

*ascospores

*conidia

*tissue++

*zygospores

*basidiospores

*mycelia++

# 1073

*!CHROMOMYCOSIS

*favus

*ringworm

*perfect mushrooms

*imperfect mushrooms

*granulomatous infection++

*tumor-like formations++

*slowly progressing infection

*with a colorless or olive-colored mycelium

# 1074

*!LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSIS

*biological++

*cytochemical

*mycological

*serological

*histological+++

*endoscopic

# 1075

*! METHOD AND PURPOSE OF ITS APPLICATION (SEE FIGURE)

*revealing anaerobes

*Fortner

*phage typing++

*antibioticogram

*establishment of the source of infection++

*determination of the sensitivity of microbes to antibiotics

# 1076

*! BACTERIA RELATED TO THE II GROUP OF PATHOGENICITY

*Bacillus anthracis+++

*Bordetella pertussis

*Brucella melitensis+++

*Treponema pallidum

*Francisella tularensis+++

*Salmonella typhimurium

*Corynebacterium diphtheiae

*Mycobacterium tuberculosis

# 1077

*!THE CAUSE OF THE NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

*reduction of risk groups

*increase in risk groups

*expansion of hospital wards

*constancy of the causative agents+++

*violation of personal hygiene rules

*rational use of hormones

*rational use of antibiotics+++

*expansion of microorganism circulation in hospitals++

*increase in the number of contacts of patients with contaminated microbes++

# 1078

*! MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS THE OF STAFILOCOCOTIVE ETHIOLOGY IS CONDUCTED BY DEFINITION

*ecovars

*serovars+++

*biowars

*phage+++

*disinfectants

*kolitsinovars

# 1079

*! MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS OF SALMONELLOSE ETIOLOGY IS CONDUCTED BY DEFINITION

*antibodies

*ecovars

*biovars++

*phagocytes

*serovars++

*phage++

*kolitsinovars

*disinfectants

#1080

*!MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF PURULENT INFLAMMATORY DISEASES INCLUDES

*identification of the pathogen++

*allocation of pure culture++

*indication of the selected culture

*detection of sensitivity to phages

*study of transmission factors

*definition of sensitivity to antibiotic