- •Superior orbital fissure, communication, content.
- •Name the types of the joints (according to the classification) between the bones of cranial vault.
- •Radiocarpal joint, shape, biomechanics
- •What type of joint by structure is hip joint?
- •Enumerate the continuous type of joints (synathrosis)
- •It has two articular surfaces:
- •11. Function of the tricep brachii.
- •13. Muscles of neck, classification.
- •14. Function of anterior muscle of leg
- •15. Enumerate the muscle of thenar.
- •16. Functions of muscles of the lateral group of the leg.
- •17. Classification of muscles of thigh and its function.
- •18. Enumerate the peculiarities of structure of topography of muscle of facial expression.
- •19. Coats of eye ball.
- •20. The inner core of the eyeball.
- •Photoreceptors
- •Blind Spot:The point in the Retina where the optic nerve exits the eye. There are no photoreceptors which makes this Blind Spot insensitive to light.
- •21. Functions of the iris and the structure providing them.
- •23. Topography of the subcortical and the cortical center of the visual analyser.
- •24. Middle ear structure and the function.
- •25. The part of the osseous labyrinth, function
- •26. Membranous labyrinth structure and function.
- •31. Red nuclei and the black substance, topography and the function.
- •32. Enumerates the lobes of the brain and the sulci separating them
- •33. Name the element of structure of the ventral part of the medulla.
- •34. Topography of the vegetative nuclei of the rhomboid fossa.
- •35. Topography of the brain ventricle.
- •36. Innervation of the extrinsic muscle of eye ball.
- •37. Structure of wall of fourth ventricle.
- •38. Topography of corpus callosum, fornix, anterior commissure of the brain.
- •39. Meninges of brain, peculiarities of the structure.
- •40. Part of the Rhomboid Fossa:
- •41. Classification of cranial nerve by the function and the source of development.
- •42. Topography of spinal cord and the meninges.
- •43. Sources of formation of cervical plexus and its branches.
- •44. Vagus nerve, parts, zone of innervation
- •45. Enumerate the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus, zone of innervation.
- •46. Nuclei and branches of trigeminal nerve.
- •47. Formation of the spinal nerves.
- •48. Blood supplying of the muscles of facial expression.
- •49. Topography of the subclavian artery, branches of the first part.
- •50. Internal jugular vein, sources of formation and its branches.
- •51. Blood supplies of the brain.
- •52. External carotid artery, topography branches of the anterior group.
- •53. Enumerate the branch of the interior group of the carotid artery and the zone of blood supplying.
- •58. Oral cavity, division into parts, blood supplying.
- •59. Division of the pharynx and function.
- •60. Enumerate the communication of the middle nasal meatus
45. Enumerate the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus, zone of innervation.
Ans: Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus and zone of innervation:
The lesser occipital nerve, or small occipital nerve, is a cutaneous spinal nerve that arises between the second and third cervical vertebrae, along with the greater occipital nerve. It innervates the scalp in the lateral area of the head posterior to the ear.
The great auricular nerve originates from the cervical plexus and is composed of branches from spinal nerves C2 and C3. It provides sensory innervation for the skin over the parotid gland and mastoid process, and both surfaces of the outer ear.
The transverse cervical nerve (superficial cervical or cutaneous cervical) arises from the second and third cervical nerves, turns around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus about its middle, then passes obliquely forward beneath the external jugular vein to the anterior border of the muscle, where it perforates the deep cervical fascia and divides beneath the platysma into ascending and descending branches that are distributed to the antero-lateral parts of the neck.
The supraclavicular nerves (descending branches) arise from the third and fourth cervical nerves. They emerge beneath the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus, and descend in the posterior triangle of the neck beneath the platysma and deep cervical fascia.
46. Nuclei and branches of trigeminal nerve.
Ans: It consist of three main division – ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve.
The ophthalmic and the maxillary nerves are the sensory nerve, while the mandibular nerve has the both motor and sensory.
47. Formation of the spinal nerves.
Ans: The spinal cord gives attachment on either side of the 31 pair.
8 are cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
Each spinal cord arises by two roots: anterior motor root and the posterior sensory root. The junction of the two root, the dorsal root is marked by the swelling called the dorsal nerve root or the spinal ganglion.
After emerging from the intervertebral foramen each spinal nerve is divided into the dorsal and the ventral ramus.
48. Blood supplying of the muscles of facial expression.
Ans: Facial artery of the external carotid artery
49. Topography of the subclavian artery, branches of the first part.
Ans: The right subclavian artery is the part of the brachiocephalic trunk and begin behind the right sternoclavicular joint, the left subclavian artery is a direct branch from the arch of aorta.
The first part has three branches:
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical artery
Internal thoracic artery
50. Internal jugular vein, sources of formation and its branches.
Ans: The internal jugular vein are the chief vein of the head and the neck. They collect the blood from the brain and the superficial part of the face and the neck. Each jugular vein begin as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus of that side at the base of the skull in the posterior compartment of the jugular foramen.
Branches of the jugular vein:
Inferior petrosal sinus
Pharyngeal
Common facial vein
Lingual vein
Superior thyroid vein
Middle thyroid vein
Occipital vein