III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на ing-формы.

1. A primitive man had no idea of the earth’s being round. 2. A barometer is an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure. 3. While you are looking through the article, I’ll be preparing for the test. 4. Though Americans are used to everything being advertized, watching such programmes gives one a headache instead of providing relaxation. 5. The solving of the problem was approved (одобрять). 6. A man should be viewed (рассматривать) as a free rational being possessing a free will. 7. Swimming is my favourite occupation but I am fond of jogging (бег трусцой) too. 8. In spite of being complicated the problem has been solved. 9. The longest landing platform 1 100 meters, is at the underground station in Chicago. 10. Having landed in Britain the Romans founded a military station on the north bank of the river Thames. 11. Being skilled in the art of building they started fortifying their settlements and laying roads across the country. 12. We read about many Oxford graduates remaining unemployed. 13. The earlier calendars that were offered by ancient astronomers were lunar calendars, each month being given the name by the Romans. 14. The first man to succeed in swimming the Channel in 1875 was Captain Webb, an Englishman. 15. Research work is carried out for the purpose of advancing man’s knowledge. 16. They succeeded in getting reliable information on dealing with these types of errors. 17. Feeling better equipped and more confident he decided to find a sea route which would link the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific. 18. Our specialists have made some new discoveries, the latter being commented upon in various scientific magazines. 19. Washington D. C., the capital of US having been planned and designed with great thought (продуманы), it is easy to get to any point of the town. 20. The capital is constantly growing and the main feature of its present development is the establishment of the industries requiring highly skilled labour and the branches producing high-quality equipment as well as the development of new technologies. 21. The Metro Toronto Zoo has a fine collection comprising a few thousand specimens representing nearly 280 species (видов). 22. Great Britain being an island, it’s climate is rather mild. 23. The highest-elevated underground is in Mexico lying deep at an altitude of 2,279 meters above sea level. 24. Many terminals (терминалы) are more complex, having many devices for sending and receiving data messages. 25. The experiment that is being conducted is of great interest and is thought of as being highly promising. 26. The relatively broad beam (about 20) of this antenna facilitates finding the satellite in space. 27. One cannot expect a complicated problem like that of using solar energy to be solved in a year or so. 28. Programming a computer involves analyzing the problem to be solved and a plan to solve it. 29. Scientific research, in many fields, is now dependent on computers, either for working out the implications (выводы) of a theory, or for handling the very large amounts of data obtained from certain experiments. 30. A space suit is a complete miniature world, a self-contained environment that must supply everything needed for an astronaut’s life; but the best engineering has not been able to provide as much flexibility of movement as is desirable. 31. In planning, accurate decision-making reduces uncertainty. 32. The cost of replacing all the sewer systems in England and Wales has been estimated at about 50 billion pounds. 33. We move from being reliant on our parents for pocket money to earning our own money and the financial freedom that brings with it. 34. Getting the right mortgage is one of the most difficult decision making processes that you go through financially.

IV. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции инфинитива.

1. The aim of any research is to enlarge the possibilities offered by modern science. 2. To live is to learn. 3. To meet the accelerated demands for resources, we must find means to accelerate our acquisition (приобретение, накопление) of knowledge concerning them. 4. Such a land registration system should be designed to serve as a sound basis for a more fully developed land information system in the future. 5. Knowledge in this field will help (to) solve some problems. 6. The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers. 7. To elect and to be elected is the right of every citizen of this country. 8. In the future it will be more and more difficult for the national economy to support the increasing number of elderly (пожилые). 9. The teacher considers this subject to be very interesting for the discussion. 10. She is clever enough to show her emotions in such a situation. 11. To acquire skill and knowledge became the boy’s greatest desire. 12. Canadian Geographic Information Systems are being used in many countries to integrate and analyze information on climate, soil and other conditions to determine the best type of crops to plant in a given area. 13. M. Lomonosov was the first to establish the first chemical laboratory in Russia and himself headed it in its work. 14. Scientists have been conducting (doing) very important research in order to study the Earth’s space environment. 15. It was for our engineer to decide what kind (type) of a computer to use. 16. The history of automatic computers is believed to have started with Charles Babbage who was a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University. 17. To programme a computer is to analyze the problem to be solved and to make a plan for solving it. 18. There are some scientists who seem to be born to be scientists. 19. From the earliest civilizations maps have been used to portray (present) information about the earth’s surface. 20. Geometrical optics is known to account for (объяснять) the phenomena of reflection. 21. The director ordered these documents to be sent off at once. 22. I know him to be working at this problem. 23. Astronomy, philosophy and mathematics are supposed to have been known in Egypt as early as 5000 years B.C. (Before Christ). 24. So as (in order to) to obtain good results you must do such exercises every day. 25. To discover new sources of energy and to develop new methods of power generation is the main problem to be solved by our scientists. 26. The method to be used in our research work has (is) to be reliable. 27. The aim of the expedition was to examine the mountain and the surrounding area and find a route by which a later expedition might hope to reach the top. 28. They must get used to their customs. 29. Newton’s principal contribution to mechanics is often considered to be the discovery of his three laws of motion. 30. B. Franklin (1706–1790) is acknowledged to be the founder of the theory of atmospheric electricity. 31. The tunnel builders are supposed to encounter (to face) many difficulties in driving tunnels. 32. There are two approaches to the solution of the problem, one to be used in analytical investigations, the other in simulation (модeлирование). 33. The legislation is designed to protect the environment against pollution by industry or by any other source, including general public. 34. The biggest purchase you are likely to make is buying your first house.