30. Surplus of the consumer is:

1. Difference between a ceiling price which the consumer is ready to pay for a commodity unit, its market price;

2. The sum of money which consumers pay for the goods;

3. Difference between a floor price which the consumer is ready to pay for a commodity unit, its market price;

4. The sum of money which manufacturers receive for the realized goods;

5. The sum of money which the consumer plans to pay for the goods.

31. The equilibrium price of the goods is:

1. The price under the which is not present either deficiency, or surplus;

2. The price established by the businessman;

3. The price established by the buyer;

4. The price established by the government;

5. All answers are true.

32. Demand of the separate consumer or the firm, reflecting their specific personal or industrial needs:

1. Demand individual;

2. Demand market;

3. Demand hidden;

4. Demand elastic;

5. Demand current.

33. The market is:

1. All answers are true;

2. Set of certificates of sale and purchase;

3. Interaction of a supply and demand;

4. Economic part of an exchange when the product exists as an exchange;

5. System of economic attitudes between the people, covering processes of manufacture, distribution, an exchange and consumption.

34. It is necessary to carry on object of market attitudes:

1. Money;

2. Businessman Vasilev;

3. Shareholder Peters;

4. Mechanic Ivanov;

5. Housewife Fedorova.

35. That joins in the infrastructure of the market:

1. All answers are true;

2. Banks;

3. Currency stock exchanges;

4. Labour exchanges;

5. Fairs.

36. The competition is:

1. All answers are true;

2. Struggle of manufacturers for reception of the highest profit;

3. Struggle of manufacturers for the right to buy the goods under lower prices;

4. Economic competitiveness for achievement of the best results in any field;

5. System of norms and the rules defining behaviour of functioning economic subjects.

37. The concept of the perfect competition assumes, that:

1. The goods which is let out by a lot of firms, are standardized;

2. In branch operate the big number of manufacturers of the goods which is letting out non-uniform production;

3. There is only one buyer of given production;

4. There is only one manufacturer of given production;

5. The information of sellers and buyers on the market is essentially limited.

38. Sale of identical production to different buyers under the different prices is:

1. Price discrimination;

2. Scientific and technical rivalry;

3. Not price discrimination;

4. Industrially-industrial rivalry;

5. All answers are true.

39. Quantity of a product which can and want to buy consumers under the given price at present:

1. Volume of demand;

2. Volume of the offer;

3. Market balance;

4. Income effect;

5. Substitution effect.

40. Any kind of activity directed on reception of the income, profit:

1. Business;

2. Work;

3. Management;

4. Marketing;

5. Manufacture.

41. A control system of the enterprise at which economic decisions are accepted on the basis of detailed studying the market with the purpose of submission of manufacture to market requirements:

1. Marketing;

2. Management;

3. Macroeconomic;

4. Tourism;

5. Business.

42. The contract (the license agreement) on use of a trade mark is:

1. Franchaizing;

2. Engineering;

3. Consulting;

4. Leasing;

5. Rating.

43. Constant costs are:

1. Expenses for the salary of the operating personnel, protection, percent under credits, amortization of the equipment;

2. Expenses for the salary of workers, protection, cost of raw material and the equipment;

3. Expenses for a payment of workers, amortization of the equipment, rent payments;

4. Expenses for raw material, the electric power, the rent, percent under the credit;

5. Rent payments, amortization of the equipment, expense for purchase of raw material.

44. Variable costs are:

1. Changing depending on change of volume of manufacture;

2. The expenses which are taking place without dependence from change of volume of manufacture;

3. Obvious and implicit costs;

4. Depreciation charges;

5. Alternative production costs.

45. Total costs are:

1. Constants and variable costs;

2. Obvious costs;

3. Economic costs;

4. Constant costs;

5. Variable costs.

46. Average costs are expenses on:

1. Total unit cost;

2. Unit of production;

3. Expenses of raw material for a unit of production;

4. The sum of a variable unit cost;

5. Constant costs counting upon a unit of production.

47. Average constant costs are:

1. Constant expenses counting upon a unit of production;

2. Expenses for raw material, the equipment, the salary;

3. Accounting expenses for a unit of production;

4. Economic unit cost;

5. Variable unit cost.

48. Limiting costs are:

1. Costs on manufacture of each additional unit of production;

2. Costs counting upon a unit of production;

3. Costs on production, which increase are done impossible with expansion of manufacture;

4. Expenses, less which the volume of manufacture is equal 0;

5. Average variable unit cost.

49. Constant costs are: