B . The Definite Article.
Определенный артикль (the) употребляется:
1. с рядом существительных:
the cinema, the theatre, the radio, the television, the army, the police, the firebrigade, the post office, the bank, the doctor, the dentist, the country, the mountains, the sea, the seaside, the weekend.
You can change your money at the bank.
The police were called and they came immediately.
We spend the weekend in the country/the mountains/at the seaside.
2. с уникальными и единственными в своем роде существительными:
the Sun, the Moon, the Galaxy, the Earth, the Universe, the Solar System, etc;
The Sun was getting warmer.
The Moon moves round the Earth.
the President, the Government, the capital, the captain, the monitor, the director, the manager, etc.
What is the capital of Spain?
He is the manager of this company.
NB!
Неопределенный артикль a/an в этих случаях используется когда:
a) описывается определенный вид или состояние предмета.
We admired a pearl-white moon. - Мы восхищались жемчужно-белой луной.
b) Предмет выступает в условиях, когда он не является единственным в своем роде.
I spoke on this question to a manager at the meeting of managers. – Я беседовал по этому вопросу с одним из менеджеров на заседании.
3. с названиями музыкальных инструментов:
the violin, the piano, the guitar, etc.
He played the violin beautifully. - Он замечательно играл на скрипке.
4. Прилагательные в значении существительных употребляются с определенным артиклем (the): the old, the rich, the poor, the blind.
There are special schools for the blind and the deaf. - Для слепых и глухих имеются специальные школы.
The wounded were taken to hospital. - Раненых отвезли в госпиталь.
5. Определенный артикль (the) употребляется перед существительными в единственном числе для названия целого класса предметов.
The tragedy and the comedy appeared in Greece. - Трагедия и комедия появились впервые в Греции.
The pine grows in the North. - Сосна растет на севере.
When was the telephone invented? - Когда был изобретен телефон"!
6. Определенный артикль (the) употребляется с существительными в функции обстоятельства места (где?) (если оно не имеет значения один из).
It was dark in the forest. - В лесу было темно.
But:
I'd love to live in a forest. - Я бы хотел жить в (каком-нибудь) лесу (а не в городе).
Exercise 1. Put in a/an or the.
Tina wants to buy a car. She has come to see Ryan, who is trying to sell his.
S
tudent
A: Student B:
TINA: So, you don't say much in your advert. Is this … old car?
ryan: Four years old. Come and have a look at it.
TINA: Were you … first owner?
ryan: No, I got it two years ago.
TINA: Have you driven it a lot?
RYAN: Well, I drive to my office in … city centre five days … week, but I don't use it much at weekends.
TINA: I see. Now, the thing is, I'm … doctor. I've just started work at … hospital in Hills Road. I'm on call a lot of the time and I have to find … car which is really reliable. … car I used to have was always breaking down and giving me problems. RYAN: Oh, this one's very good. It may not be … fastest car around, but it always gets there eventually. And it's got … new set of tyres.
TINA: Right. It's good to know that. Can I go for … test drive?
RYAN: Um, actually, that's not possible right now.
TINA: Why not?
RYAN: Well, basically, I'm afraid it won't start. You see, … battery is flat.
Exercise 2. Put in the where necessary, leave a space (—) if the article is not needed.
