Practice

I. Answer the questions on the text.

1. What does the term ‘marketing’ mean in economics?

2. How is marketing defined in popular usage?

3. What kind of activities does marketing include?

4. In the United States, what part of the retail price of a commodity is made up of the cost of marketing?

5. What were feature of marketing in subsistence-level economy?

6. Why do chain stores dominate the field of retail trade?

7. How did the development of motor vehicles influence marketing arrangements?

8. Give examples of associations which enable people to eliminate middlemen for more efficient marketing.

9. What modern techniques helped to attract customers?

10. Can services be marketed in the same way as goods and commodities?

11. What means do producers use to determine consumer acceptability of a producer?

2. Give the English for:

Поток товаров, товарные потоки; распределение, движение товаров от производства к потребителю; вести оптовую торговлю; размещать, хранить на складе; страховать; производство товаров; товар, предмет потребления; натуральное хозяйство; вытеснять, занять чьё-л. место; розничный торговец4 сетевой магазин; крупномасштабная деятельность; розничная торговля; посредник; покупать, приобретать; оптовые цены; фирменные товары; анализ рынка, маркетинговое исследование.

III. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.

wholesale	a substance or product that can be traded, bought or sold
retail	a store that is part of a chain of similar stores selling the same type of product, and that are all owned and controlled by the same organization
chain store	involving a lot of people, things, or activity, or happening over a large area
commodity	a person who buys goods from a producer and makes a profit by selling them to a shop or a user
large-scale	relating to the activity of selling goods or services to stores, other businesses, etc. rather than to the public
trademark	the activity of selling goods to the public in stores, on the internet, etc., rather than selling to stores, other businesses, etc.
middleman	a name or a symbol which is put on a product to show that it is made by a particular producer and which cannot be legally used by any other producer

IV. Complete the sentences with one of the words from the table above.

1. Google is a ____________ of Google Technologies.

2. Squeezed between manufacturers and retailers is the _____________ sector.

3. The shopping complex hosts a range of _____________ including Argos, Boots, and Virgin Megastore

4. We only sell ____________, not to the public.

5. The clothing company has six ___________ outlets in south-eastern Australia.

6. The country's most valuable ___________ include tin and diamonds.

7. After the development phase, the company hopes to move into ____________ production fairly soon.

8. Velcro® is a registered ____________.

9. You can lower the price by cutting out the ___________ and buying directly from the factory.

10. Today the field of __________ trade is dominated by chain stores instead of independent shops.