15. Bacillary Dysentery.

***) All of the following about Shigellosis are true, except:

1. The inoculum size is very small

2. Enterotoxin is produced

3. The major disease manifestations are due to colonic invasion

4. Bacteriemia occurs in approximately one third of the patients

5. Man is the only host

Answer: D* Bacteriemia occurs in approximately one third of the patients

***) The most important reservoir of shigella (bacillary dysentery) is:

1. Bird

2. Rodent

3. Dog

4. Cow

5. Men

Answer: E* Men

16. Cholera.

***) The following about cholera are true, except:

1. Individuals with achlorhydria are more susceptible to infection

2. Disease is mediated by exotoxin

3. Causes metabolic acidosis

4. Usually involves huge bowels

5. Tetracycline is used on then treatment

Answer: B* Disease is mediated by exotoxin

***) All of the following are true about cholera, except:

1. Carriers exceed those with symptoms and carrier state can persist for a few months

2. The disease is caused by enterotoxin elaborated by the organism

3. The disease is transmitted through contaminated water or food

4. Tetracycline shortens the period of communicability

5. Mass vaccination is the best method to control the spread of the disease

Answer: A* Carriers exceed those with symptoms and carrier state can persist for a few months

***) All of the following factors shorten the viability period of Vibrio cholera, except:

1. Dryness

2. Chemotherapeutics

3. Coldness

4. High temperatures

5. Disinfectants

Answer: C* Coldness

17. Spirochetes.

***) All of the following are viral disease, except:

1. Warts

2. AIDS

3. Herpes zoster

4. Lyme disease

5. Varicella

Answer: D* Lyme disease

18. Rabies.

***) The incubation period for rabies is:

1. 24 hours

2. 2 to 3 days

3. 2 to 3 weeks

4. 1 to 2 months

5. 6 to 12 months

Answer: D* 1 to 2 months

***) Immunization against rabies (post-exposure) is given in 6 doses as follows:

1. At 0, 5, 9, 14, 60, 90

2. At 0, 5, 14, 21, 30, 120

3. At 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, 90

4. At 0, 3, 10, 21, 60,120

5. At 0, 3, 30, 60, 90,120

Answer: C* At 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, 90

19. Gastrointestinal Protozoa.

***) Which of the following areas of the large bowel most frequently involved by amebiasis:

1. Rectum

2. Sigmoid

3. Cecum

4. Splenic flexure

5. Transverse colon

Answer: C* Cecum

***) The drug of choice in treatment of amoebic hepatitis is:

1. Methicillin

2. Rifampicin

3. Mebendazole

4. Metronidazole

5. Omeprazole

Answer: D* Metronidazole

20. Leishmaniasis.

***) Cutaneous leishmaniasis can be transmitted through the:

1. Bite of an infective female anopheles mosquito

2. Bite of infective female sandflies

3. Bite of infective glossina (tsetse) fly

4. Bite of infective aedes mosquitoes

5. Bite of infective male sandflies

Answer: B* Bite of infective female sandflies

***) Airborne transmission occurs in all of the following, except:

1. Streptococcal infection

2. Brucellosis

3. Tuberculosis

4. Leishmaniasis

5. Anthrax

Answer: D* Leishmaniasis

21. Nematodes (Roundworms).

***) Concerning ascariasis all of the following are true, except:

1. The parasite responsible is around worm

2. Pulmonary involvement may be manifested as Loeffler syndrome

3. Intestinal obstruction is the most common complaint

4. Infective eggs are hatched in the duodenum

5. Mebendazole is an effective therapy

Answer: D* Infective eggs are hatched in the duodenum

***) All of the following are signs and symptoms characterizing ascariasis, except:

1. Urticaria

2. Cough and hemoptysis

3. Eosinophiles

4. Splenomegaly

5. Vague abdominal pain

Answer: D* Splenomegaly

***) Intestinal obstruction is most likely to occur as a complication of infestation with:

1. Enterobius vermicularis

2. Necator americanus

3. Ascaris lumbricoides

4. Strongyloides stercoralis

5. Toxocara canis

Answer: C* Ascaris lumbricoides