Text в brass instruments

The group of wind instruments made from brass or some other metal and having a cup-shaped mouthpiece are called brass instruments. The large number of them can be divided into two groups, one comprising those that are standard members of the orchestra, the other those used mainly in bands.

I. Orchestral Instruments. The brass section of the modern orchestra consists of the horn, the trumpet, the trombone and the tuba. The tuba and the horn are related both having a conical pipe, and the trombone and the trumpet are related both having a pipe which, for its major part, is cylindrical and widens into a relatively small bell. Other instruments occasionally used in the orchestra are the Wagner tubas and the cornet.

II. Band Instruments. A band is ordinarily consisting of cornets, alto saxhorns, trombones, baritones or euphoniums, BB-flat basses, drums and occasionally trumpets, bugles and kettle-drums.

Cornet is an instrument similar in shape to the trumpet but shorter and with a relatively longer conical part of the pipe. Its long quality is similar to that of the trumpet, although somewhat less brilliant. Owing to its shorter tube it is capable of considerably greater agility and has, therefore, sometimes been used in the orchestra especially by French and Italian composers.

Flügelhorn. Similar in design and size to the cornet, but with a wider bore, resulting in a sound somewhat like that of the horn, though lacking the latter’s mellowness. It has the same range as the cornet.

Mellophone. Designed like the French horn, but differing, among other things, in its having three upright pistons, like the saxhorns. The range is a fifth below that of the cornet.

Baritone, euphonium. Larger instruments of the Flugelhorn type, and built in two shapes: like a trumpet, with the bell pointing upwards, or oval, with the bell facing backwards. The range of the baritone is an octave below the cornet. The euphonium has a fourth valve for additional bass notes.

BB-flat Bass. The largest and lowest pitched of the group, with a range two octaves below that of the cornet. Its normal shape is similar to the baritone, but it also exists in two other shapes: Helicon, which is circular and carried over the shoulder, and Sousaphone (named after John Sousa).

Most of these instruments are derived from the saxhorns, a family of brass instruments invented by Adolphe Sax and designed on a uniform model.

Proper Names

John Sousa [‘GOn ‘sauzq]

Adolphe Sax [‘xdOlf ’sxks]

1.5. Organ active words and word combinations

1. admit [qd’mIt]	допускать, впускать
2. allotment [q’lOtmqnt]	распределение
3. approximately [q’prOksImItlI]	приблизительно, почти
4. artificial [,RtI’fISql]	искусственный
5. bellows [’belouz]	воздуховные мехи
6. blower [‘blouq]	нагнетательный механизм
7. button	кнопка, клавиша
8. coupler [‘kAplq]	соединительнный механизм
9. court [kLt]	двор /короля и т.п./
10. device [di’vQIs]	устройство, механизм
11. distinctive	отличительный, характерный
12. emperor [‘empqrq]	император
13. facilitate [fq’sIlIteIt]	облегчать, способствовать
14. formerly	ранее, прежде
15. in advance	заранее
16. invention [in’venSn]	изобретение
17. key [kJ]	ключ, тональность, тон
18. manual [‘mxnjuql]	клавиатура /органа/, мануал
19. occasionally [q’keIZnqlI]	изредка, случайно
20. permit [pq’mit]	позволять, допускать
21. pressure [‘preSq]	давление
22. purpose [‘pWpqs]	намерение, цель
23. rank	ряд, регистр, голос
24. reinforce [,rJIn’fLs]	усиливать, подкреплять
25. stop	клавиша, педаль/органа/
26. supply [sq’plQi]	подача, приток, подвод
27. swell	усиление или ослабление звука
28. transmit	передавать
29. valuable [‘vxljubql]	ценный, дорогой
30. vice versa [‘vQIsI’vWsq]	наоборот