Вариант IV

I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая

внимание на функции герундия в предложении.

1. Cement is a material capable of adhering to and uniting into a cohesive mass.

2. Pre-stressing creates a concrete capable of taking tension without cracking.

3. The revival of the old method is attributed to the fact of people noticing the strength of naturally formed concrete under water.

4. They finished placing concrete.

5. A thermoplastic material is one having the property of softening when heated and of hardening and becoming rigid again when cooled.

II. a) Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и

Participle II. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The theatre is praised by the experts as a milestone in city architecture.

2. The Opera House, with its striking architecture, is the symbol of Sydney, together with the bridge across the natural harbour.

3. Offering visitors an added level of comfort and enjoyment, a new cafe doubles as a lecture and reception area.

4. An expanded temporary gallery provides flexible space for special exhibitions.

b) Перепишите и переведите предложения, принимая во внимание, что

причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. The durability and hardness of building materials are the most important properties, the engineers determining them for any structural purpose.

2. The great weight above compressed the different ingredients, the process being assisted by chemical action.

3. Having compared the durability of various types of steel, the engineers found out their advantages and disadvantages.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая

внимание на перевод сослагательного наклонения.

1. It is necessary that this crane be used on our construction site.

2. Without the construction of buildings it would be impossible to imagine the life of people.

3. We wish there were more bridges and parks in town.

IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на

особенности перевода условных предложений I, II и III типов.

1. If granite were used in a wet climate, it would decompose.

2. If we attempted to use lime as a plaster or motor unmixed with other materials, wide cracks would occur on account of the shrinkage of the lime while hardening.

3. If the grain and the cement uniting them are both of strong material, the stone will be very durable.

V. Прочтите, перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Plastics

A prominent place in new building materials is occupied by those which are being produced from chemicals, such as a synthetic linoleum in a great choice of colours, and many others. Although the chief development in plastics has taken place quite recently it should be recognized that these substances have quite a long history. Resins and wax-like substances were known to the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, and the properties of pitch and bitumen have been known and exploited for some centuries.

The future of plastics is assured. It is interesting to consider the various devices demanded by modern life and to consider how many of them could be made from plastic substances. In plastics, we have a great variety of synthetic substances which can be moulded under heat and pressure, extruded through holes of small diameter or drawn into fibres. Sheets of great hardness, which can be cut by a saw or so flexible that they can be used for articles of clothing, can be produced from plastics. We are now reaching the stage when we can ask for a plastic substance that will have particular plasticity, ease of working and electrical properties.

Adhesives and coatings are the two principal building uses of plastics as auxiliaries to other materials. A large group of adhesives is used in plywood.

Metal-to-metal bonding with high-strength resin adhesives is becoming increasingly common, for example in fabricating aluminium alloy and stainless-steel aircraft. This application is finding increasing use in metal building panels.

Coatings, both protective and decorative, have undergone marked improvement as synthetic resins have entered the field. These resins are successfully replacing traditional oil paints and are widely used for metal coating and other uses. They have been applied on a large scale in painting the house facades in St. Petersburg for instance.

Laminated panels are widely used for table tops, counters and wall surfacing. Ordinary wallpaper is being replaced on an increasing scale by “pavinol-glass”, a fabric with a plastic coating. This kind of wall covering is hygienic and non-flammable, it wears well, resists the effect of moisture and is made in a wide range of colours and patterns.

Laminated plastics – plain white or in imitation of wood – are used for walls in kitchens and bathrooms, and if desired as panels in living rooms.

VI. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What are the two principle uses of plastics?

2. What is replacing ordinary wallpaper?

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