Вариант II

I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая

внимание на функции герундия в предложении.

1. Wood is preferred to other building materials because of its being easily

transported.

2. After heating a mixture of limestone and clay we pulverize it to produce a fine

powder.

3. The principle mechanical properties of wood are hardness and shock resisting

ability.

4. Even in winter you can achieve a proper strength gain in concrete, if you succeed in keeping the material warm and moist.

II. a) Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и

Participle II. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Combining the sculptural modelling of the rococo era with ornaments, the

architects reached perfection in the construction.

2. Natural illumination, provided by the placement of windows, gently guides visitors through the museum.

3. The museum-going public is fascinated by the sparkling of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg.

4. It is curious that in erecting constructions, the Mexicans employed concrete in their building techniques.

b) Перепишите и переведите предложения, принимая во внимание, что

причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. Steel and concrete have displaced wood and brick in many types of structures, the engineers developing new equipment and techniques for using them.

2. At lower levels limestone is found, this also consisting largely of the remains of creatures and plants.

3. The development of industry having resulted in the building of factories, railways and the like, there arose the possibility of making building materials of great strength.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая

внимание на перевод сослагательного наклонения.

1. It is essential that the water used for mixing cements, limes and plasters be

reasonably clean.

2. Without aluminium blocks the construction would be heavier and not so strong.

3. We wish architects and designers made new homes convenient for carrying out

domestic duties.

IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на

особенности перевода условных предложений I, II и III типов.

1. If building materials hadn’t undergone great changes, no progress in building would have been possible.

2. Were the cement used in concrete of poor quality, the material would not be durable.

3. Concrete is very durable, provided the mixing process is properly carried out.

V. Прочтите, перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Terra Cotta

The use of clay by the Greeks was widely varied and extensive. Among the manifold purposes to which terra cotta was put by the Greeks may be mentioned parts of public and private buildings such as bricks, roof-tiles, drain and flue tiles, architectural ornaments, etc. Wall tiles were probably first made in Syria and Persia. Several potteries in Asia Minor produce wall tiles of traditional Persian patterns and colours which are of great beauty.

Terra cotta is the term of Italian derivation meaning baked or burned earth. In Sicily and southern Italy, a fashion prevailed of nailing slabs of terra cotta over the surface of the stonework (a legacy from the epoch of wooden buildings which required protection from the weather).

The effort of all the terra cotta makers during recent times has been to produce a building material capable of resisting the acids and soot contained in the atmosphere of our great towns. They have been very successful in this effort as they are able to produce building materials of pleasant colour and texture which is practically acid-resisting. It can be allowed to weather and, unlike other materials, its original colour and appearance can be restored by a single washing with soap and water.

Floor arches, roof slabs, interior partitions, light exterior walls and furring and backing of masonry walls are extensively constructed of structural terra cotta. For the fireproofing of steel it has proved one of the most effective and practical materials employed.

Furthermore its excellent qualities of insulation make it a most suitable building material. Its use in walls and floors greatly assists in maintaining a suitable temperature inside the building. Architectural terra cotta was employed in Greece and Rome and during the Renaissance for such architectural purposes as roof tiles, ornamental facing plaques, tracery, gutters and cornices.

It has high fire-resistance and insulating qualities, it is light in weight and its surface is practically non-absorbant. The colours are obtained by means of minerals and metal oxides producing coloured silicates, the true effect not being apparent until after the piece is fired. Practically any colour can be obtained, polychrome of 2 or more colours being greatly developed in recent years.

In facing the front of the building of Moscow University, small artistic ceramic details were used together with large reinforced concrete panels finished with cream-coloured ceramics and large assembled cornices.

VI. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What can restore terra cotta’s original colour and appearance?

2. What are the main valuable qualities of terra cotta?