1. Match the Russian and English equivalents. Make up the sentences with these words and word combinations:

branch highway subway enterprise dam bridge central heating waste dispose concrete soil in advance foundation dead load live load weight upper stratum to remove furnishing

центральное отопление заранее верхний слой почвы динамический вес статический вес удаление отходов мебель фундамент вес мост шоссе, автомагистраль ветвь, отрасль мост дамба удалять промышленное предприятие почва бетон

52. Combine and translate combinations:

e.g.: civil construction

Sporting Industrial Military Dead Live Swimming Construction Turn key Modern Central Waste Well known Wind Living Above-ground

Pool Construction Materials Facilities Enterprises Branches Dispose Load Services Heating Fact Erosion Beings Part Load

53. Complete the sentences:

The dead load includes…

The live load includes…

The foundations support…

Foundation design may be both…

Different sporting facilities are…

There exist two basic parts of foundations…

54. Study the examples and form the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives, find them in the text. Translate from Russian into English:

Big-bigger-the biggest

Beautiful-more beautiful- the most beautiful

Important- less important-the least important

Cheap, simple, expensive, complex, shallow, modern, deep, cold, hot.

Проект фундамента может быть сложнее или проще, это зависит от размера фундамента.

Более глубокий фундамент стоит дороже, в то время как строительство неглубокого фундамента стоит дешевле.

Чем глубже фундамент, тем дороже его строительство.

В столице России находятся самые современные здания.

Самое важное при строительстве фундамента- это информация о типе почвы и климата.

References:

Луговая А.Л. Английский язык для строительных специальностей. стр. 18-21.

UNIT 5. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.

Vocabulary

Properties – свойства

Durability – долговечность, износостойкость

Decay-resistance – стойкость к гниению

Advantages and disadvantages – преимущества и недостатки

To evaporate – испаряться

Renewable natural resource – возобновляемые природные ресурсы

Facings – облицовка, отделка

Paving – мощение улиц

Width, breadth – ширина

Length – длина

Height – высота

Weight – вес

Dimensions – размеры

Local custom – местный обычай

Crosswise – крестообразно, в поперечном направлении

Lengthwise – в длину, в продольном направлении

Clay – глина

Materials used for construction purposes possess different properties. They differ in durability, strength, weight, fire-and decay-resistance and cost.

Wood, timber, brick, stone, concrete, metals, and plastics belong to the most popular building materials used nowadays. They all have their advantages and disadvantages that are taken into account when designing a structure.

Wood is naturally growing materials. It is known to be the oldest construction material and is still widely used for different purposes. Wood is popular since it has low weight and is easy to work. However, its usage is limited because of its disadvantages: it easily burns and decays. Wood has been a highly used building material since prehistoric times. Being the oldest building material, wood is also known to be the only naturally growing organic material. Is wood strong? Hardly so, because wood always contains some water which decreases its strength. Nevertheless, after the wood is cut, the water content starts to evaporate and as the water content decreases the strength of cut wood and its hardness start to increase. It is a well-known fact that the drier is the cut wood the greater is its strength and hardness.  

Trees are known to grow naturally, which makes wood a constantly renewable natural resource. Among other advantages of wood there are its low cost, low weight, and high workability. But, as any other construction material, wood has its disadvantages. The main ones are the following-it is not fire-resistant, it easily burns.

Among other highly used construction materials, there are concrete, steel, brick, stone, and plastics. They all differ in their properties and in the methods of usage.

As to stone, it also belongs to the oldest building materials. Among its advantages, there are strength, high heat insulation and fire-resistance.

Concrete is known to be one of the most popular building materials. It is produced by mixing cement, gravel, water, and sand in the proper amounts.

Bricks are an ancient building material, having been made and used by the Romans for arches, facings, paving etc. Though they were, at that period, of larger and smaller sizes than those used generally in the present day, they were always made with half-bricks or double bricks— double their width in length — to allow of bond, as will hereinafter be explained. They thus varied in length from 7 to 22 inches.

In more modern times bricks have been used for walling, facing, arches, and paving; and generally their dimensions are now about 9 inches long by 41, inches (or half their length) in breadth, so that two laid crosswise will cover two laid lengthwise. They are made from 2 to 31 inches in height, according to local custom or the requirements of construction. They are of numerous different qualities, kinds, and colours, each from its peculiar nature adapted to a particular purpose or use. It is to be noted that the quality of a brick depends on the clay from which it is made, and on the different manipulation that the clay will.

Answer the questions.

1. Into what groups can construction materials be divided?

2. What are the advantages (disadvantages) of wood, stone, metals?

3. What two groups are metals divided into?

4. What is the difference between ferrous non-ferrous metals?

5. Which of the materials listed below are natural, artificial?

Exercises.

1. Which of the properties of construction materials may be classified as advantageous? Disadvantageous?

High cost                         fire-resistance         non-fire-resistance

Low resistance                low cost                  high strength

High weight                    durability               corrosion resistance

Heavy weight                  hardness                 softness

55. Translate the following sentences. Mind the Complex Subject.

1. Water content is known to decrease in the cut wood.

224. Wood as a structural material is considered to be highly used because of its low weight, low cost, and high workability.

225. Use of concrete for building purposes is announced to be constantly increasing all over the world.

226. The strength and hardness of cut wood are known to increase as its water content evaporates.

56. Give the English equivalents of the Russian words.

1. Small (полосы) __________________ of wood are (склеены) ____________________ together.

2. Wood in panel form is more (предпочтителен) __________________ for some construction (цеди) ______________ than (доски) __________

3. (фанерные) __________________panels are made up of (тонкие) ___________________ (деревянные) ___________________ veneers.

57. Choose the correct answer.

Stud (s) of a common wooden partition

1. are vertical wooden members

2. is the upper horizontal wooden member

3. is the lower horizontal wooden member

4. are the intermediate horizontal wooden members.

Pick up the commonly adopted geophysical method in civil engineering from the following:

1. the seismic method

2. electrical resistivity method

3. gravitational method

4. magnetic method

5. both (a) and (b) of the above.

The portion of a brick cut across the width, is called

1. closer

2. half brick

3. bed

4. bat.

The 9 cm x 9 cm side of a brick as seen in the wall face, is generally known as

1. stretcher

2. face

3. front

4. header

5. side.

References:

Ажищев Н.И. «Профессия-строитель», М.:, Высшая школа, 2009 г.

Безручко Е.Н. «Английский для строителей», М.: Высшая школа, 2001 г. Издательский центр «Март», 2010 г.

Пономаренко В.И. «Сборник текстов на английском языке». М.: «Высшая школа», 2002 г.