Exercise 4. Answer the following questions.

1. What does the tendency of high-speed transportation provide for? 2. What directions is it reasonable to choose for the creation of high-speed lines? 3. Where were the first high-speed lines put into operation? 4. Among what kinds of transport do railways strive to take the lead and why? 5. What do they do for it? 6. What contributed to the traffic flow increase? 7. What makes Hikari Rail Star trains isolated from external noise? 8. What reduces their vibration and increases smoothness of running? 9. What is it necessary to do to use the potential of high-speed traffic in Europe? 10. What is the priority tendency of railway transport development in Ukraine? 11. What does the programme of high-speed running in Ukraine proved for? 12. What achievements of science and engineering found their application in the construction of the “Capital Express”?

Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with the necessary words from the table, given below.

operation aerodynamic commercial application damping pilot design intent metalware high-speed bogie bolster traffic requirements semiactive

1. At first, high-speed trains were put into … in Japan. 2. They were designed for the … speed of 200 km/h. 3. The idea of high-speed … found wide … in the other countries of Europe, Asia and America. 4. The … train consist “Sokol” was built in 1997-1998. 5. There are the following … to the … … of high-speed trains. 6. … of cars was lightened to the maximum, their … resistance was decreased. 7. The first in Ukraine … train the “Capital Express” was put into operation in June, 2002. 8. Specially designed bogies which don’t have … … are provided with … devices of … type.

Exercise 6. True or false. If the sentence is false find the correct version in the text.

1. The history of modern high-speed rolling stock dates back to 50-60s of the XIX^th century. 2. The idea of high-speed traffic didn’t find wide application in the other countries. 3. In 1985 the train ER -200 was commercially operated on the line St. Petersburg – Moscow. 4. Japanese railways perfect their high-speed trains’ designs. 5. One of the main tasks of Ukrainian railways development is to introduce high-speed passenger trains. 6. The first in Ukraine high-speed train the “Southern Express” was put into operation in June, 2002 on the rout Kyiv – Kharkiv. 7. High-speed running proved that railways can compete with airliners in speed.

Exercise 7. Find some information and make reports about the world’s experience in high-speed traffic.

UNIT 3

Exercise 1. Read and translate the following words and word combinations. Learn them by heart.

1. sleeper – спальний вагон

2. noteworthy – вартий уваги; визначний

3. en-suite – суміжний, сусідній

4. key card – карточка-ключ (пластикова карточка з нанесеним на неї кодом)

5. attendant – тут: провідник

6. cubicle – невелике приміщення

7. access – доступ

8. exude – виділяти

9. ambience – оточення; обстановка, середа

10. sterilisation plant – стерилізаційне устаткування, агрегат

11. tap – кран

12. coupling-element- елемент зчеплення

13. conform – узгоджувати, відповідати

14. UIC – Міжнародний союз залізниць

15. electro-pneumatic brake system – електропневматична гальмова система

16. brake disk – тормозний диск

17. wheelset – колісна пара

18. magnetic rail brake – електромагнітні рейкові гальма

19. air suspension – пневматичне ресорне підвішування

20. bodyshell – каркас кузова вагона з обшивкою

21. livery – розпізнавальний знак, емблема, символ, колір (на товарах, транспорті та ін., який вказує на виробника чи власника)

22. wax – віск

23. insulation material – ізоляційний матеріал

24. to stipulate – оговорювати, обумовлювати

25. pipework – труби (як частина якого-небудь механізму)

26. waste tank – зливний бак

27. arid – сухий; безводний; арідний

28. to rive­t – заклепувати, клепати, скріплювати заклепками

29. gangway – прохід

30. to dampen – демпфірувати; гасити (коливання)

31. pivot – коротка вісь; шкворень; цапфа

32. cross damper – поперечний амортизатор

33. rolling damper – демпфер (амортизатор) крену

34. yaw damper - амортизатор (гаситель) кутових коливань

35. cross fetch limiter – обмежувач поперечних хвиль

36. intake – забірний пристрій; усмоктувальний пристрій; приймальний пристрій

37. pump – насос

38. circular cross-section – круговий (поперечний ) переріз

39. potable – питний

40. scalding – обварювання, ошпарювання

41. self-extinguishing – той, що сам згасає

42. actuator – (силовий) привід; пускач

43. grille – повітророзподільна решітка

44. stale – спертий, затхлий

45. service compartment – службове купе

46. chipboard – дошка з пресованого опилювання

47. partition – відділення, секція; перегородка

48. pouch – сумка, мішок, пакет

49. socket – патрон, розетка

Exercise 2. Translate the following word and word-combinations.

Overnight services, design criteria, passenger capa­city, key card system, sleeper attendant, service compartment, interior furnishings, an ambience of warmth and comfort, electro-pneumatic brake system, smooth ride, loading gauge restrictions, a coating of anticorrosion paint, anti-graffiti wax, the mounting of the fire resistant com­partment dividing walls, suitable emergency escape routes, UIC norms, inter-car gangways, to dampen vertical movement, water supply reservoir, passive protection, fire detection system, midway along the vehicle, adjustable headrests and armrests.

Exercise 3. Match the words in the left column with their synonyms in the right column.

s leeper noteworthy en-suite attendant livery a rive­t potable scalding stale pouch

stuffy emblem remarkable sleeping car drinkable burning bag adjacent a clinch guard

Text 3: A NEW SLEEPING CAR FOR EUROPE

Early in 1999 DB AutoZug addres­sed the question of designing a new sleeper for its overnight services. It evaluated more than ten design criteria which it considered of importance for future night stock, the most noteworthy being: