- •Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Translation
- •Translation as a Notion, Subject and Object of Linguistic Studies
- •2. Significance of Translation
- •Methods of Translation
- •4. Kinds of Translation
- •Self-assessment test
- •Peculiarities of Rendering English Tenses and Passive Voice Constructions
- •1. The peculiarities of rendering the Present Simple tense in Ukrainian.
- •2. The Present Perfect and Perfect-Continuous tenses, the peculiarities of their translation.
- •3. English passive voice constructions, the general notion.
- •4. Transformations in rendering the meaning of English passive voice constructions in Ukrainian.
- •5. English passive voice constructions with a prepositional object, their rendering in Ukrainian.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Realization of the Contextual Meaning of the Article
- •The Article. The general notion.
- •Factors that influence the translation of articles. The influence of origin on translation.
- •3. The lexico-grammatical meaning of the article, its influence on translation.
- •5. Realization of contextual meaning of the definite article.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Infinitive and its Constructions
- •The Infinitive, the general notion
- •The ways of translating a single infinitive and infinitive phrases. The use of direct translation.
- •3. The ways of translating a single infinitive. The use of clauses in translation.
- •4. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •5. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •6. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Prepositional Infinitive Construction
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Gerund and Its Constructions
- •The gerund, the general notion.
- •2. Ways of translating a single gerund.
- •3. Peculiarities of translating the gerund as an adverbial modifier
- •4. Ways of rendering gerundial constructions.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Translating the Participle and Participial Constructions
- •Ways of Rendering the Single Participle and Participial Phrases
- •The Objective Participial Construction
- •3. The Subjective Participial Construction.
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute and the Prepositional Absolute Constructions
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of English Modal Verbs and Modal Expressions
- •1. Modality as an extralinguistic category. Ways of expressing modality.
- •2. Phonological ways of expressing modality.
- •3. Lexical means of expressing modality.
- •Lexico-grammatical means of expressing modality.
- •5. Grammatical modality.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Rendering the Forms of the Subjunctive Mood
- •Forms of the Subjunctive mood, the general notion
- •2. General approaches to the translation of the forms of the Subjunctive mood
- •3.Peculiarities of translating object clauses with the Subjunctive mood
- •4. Ways of translating clauses with should
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •The Forms of the Subjunctive Mood and the Ways of Their Rendering in Ukrainian
- •Texts for translation
- •L.Carroll Alice in Wonderland
- •W. S. Maugham Foinet's Advice
- •F. R. Barratt The Sad Story of a Lost Memory
- •Additional exercises
- •What a Language!
- •Questions for the examination
- •References
Exercises
Exercise 1.
Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the use of tenses.
They have been working together so long, that I can hardly believe they have failed to understand each other.
I forget where I’ve put my spectacles.
She’s been to their estate a lot of times.
Peter and John have been good friends for years.
I hear they are not planning to get back before Monday.
Where do they go next?
At last I have completed all my tasks for today.
George has been to Spain twice and I hear he’s going there this summer again.
I’m told that this kind of experiment is really risky.
I’m going to answer your question only after you’ve answered mine.
Exercise 2.
Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the sequence of tenses.
Richard told us that everything would have been finished by next week if nothing interfered.
I was sure that she liked a cup of good strong coffee.
He repeated once again that the Earth is round.
Mother told me on the phone that Jane was still sleeping.
Ronnie knew that nobody would believe his story if he didn’t present any convincing facts.
She didn’t believe that such a strong man couldn’t swim.
They didn’t make any secret of the fact that Jenny was getting married next October.
She hadn’t believed my words then, neither did she now.
I couldn’t understand why she was talking to me in such a way.
When Laura was asked a question, she pretended not to understand it and in such a way she avoided talking about the things she disliked.
Exercise 3.
Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the use of the Passive voice.
He was haunted by a fear.
It (furniture) was given to us as a wedding present by Mr. Bradley's father.
Gregory was in Chicago at the time the purchase was made and the decoration (of the house) was entrusted to him.
I had recently brought out a successful novel - and I had no sooner arrived than I was interviewed.
There are men who are possessed by an urge so strong to do some particular thing that they can't help themselves.
He was so incommunicable that I was forced to the conclusion that he had asked me to lunch with him merely to enjoy my company.
But here she encountered in her husband an obstinacy, which she had not for years been accustomed to.
8. She might have been asked to go too.
9. «I suppose in about a fortnight we shall be told that he has been seen in San Francisco. » (Wilde)
10. In certain emergencies he was called to assist his father, and was paid for it. (Dreiser)
Lecture 3
Ways of Realization of the Contextual Meaning of the Article
Problems for discussion:
The Article, the general notion.
Factors that influence the translation of articles. The influence of origin on translation.
The lexico-grammatical meaning of the article, its influence on translation.
The realization of the contextual meaning of the indefinite article.
The realization of the contextual meaning of the definite article.
Background for discussion:
The article, the general notion.
The use of the Indefinite article with class nouns.
The use of the Definite article with class nouns.
The use of articles with geographical names.