Тема 6. Капітал

План вивчення теми

1. Капітал.

2. Модальне дієслово may.

Навчальні цілі

Засвоїти лексичні одиниці та оволодіти комунікативними компетенціями, які забезпечують адекватну мовленнєву поведінку в ситуаціях, пов’язаних з розумінням і наданням інформації про капітал у бізнесі, сформувати поняття про модальні дієслова, навчитись вживати модальне дієслово may.

Завдання та методичні рекомендації до вивчення теми

1. Прочитайте текст 1, намагаючись зрозуміти його якомога точніше та повніше.

TEXT 1

CAPITAL

Capital in economics, a stock of resources that may be employed in the production of goods and services. In classical economics it is one of the three factors of production, the others being labour and land. A brief treatment of capital follows. For full treatment, we need two more concepts, those of capital and interest.

Capital may be so broadly defined as to include all possible material, nonmaterial, and human inputs into a productive system, but it is usually more useful to confine the term to material assets in the hands of productive enterprises. In this sense, there are two forms of capital. Money, or rather financial capital is a fluid, intangible form used for investment. Another term is capital goods that mean real or physical capital – are tangible items such as buildings, machinery, and equipment produced and used in the production of other goods and services.

Money capital is raised by selling stocks and bonds in order to finance the acquisition of real capital or capital goods. Capital goods are similar to savings because both require postponing current consumption to provide for future production and consumption.

In an accounting sense, the capital of a business firm is that part of the net worth that has not been produced by the operation of the enterprise, or, in other words, the original stock of net assets of the firm before any income is earned. The economist is more likely to speak of “real” assets, such as plant and equipment, factory and office buildings, and inventories of raw materials and of partly finished and finished goods, regardless of their financial status.

Economists of the classical school, beginning with Adam Smith, developed the earliest theory of capital, according to which capital arose out of the excess of production over consumption. The income earned by capital is profit, the counterpart to the wages and rent earned by the other factors of production. No thoroughly satisfactory theory of capital has been presented, and since the 19^th century interest in developing such a theory has flagged.

2. Для перевірки правильності розуміння прочитаного тексту виконайте наступні ситуаційні вправи:

Ситуація 1. Складіть історію із наступних фрагментів, але ви, як оповідач, віддаєте перевагу офіційним і лаконічним висловлюванням:

to employ, raise, assets, postponed, earns, status, excess, stock, goods, acquisition, inventories

1. Keep a good supply of raw materials available for unpredicted situations.

2. The factory pays over 2000 people to work for it.

3. The export sites have no hard currency reserves to buy objects produced for sale.

4. The partners will collect $2 million needed to finance the offer.

5. The group’s latest obtained facilities is a sports wear firm.

6. The date and time of the planned meeting of our business has been changed until next Tuesday.

7. A company’s valuable belongings can consist of cash, investments, buildings, machinery, and specialist knowledge.

8. She is paid a very respectable wage.

9. The company has cut stocks sharply since the crisis began.

10. What is current legal financial the company’s position?

11. Enthusiasm which is more than expected in such a situation is hardly positive.

Ситуація 2. Текст із наступними висловлюваннями пошкоджений і вам необхідно його відтворити. Здогадайтесь, якого слова не вистачає. Уявіть, що матеріал в рамочці є ніби вашим пошуком варіантів.

wages, status, net worth, profit, original stock, thoroughly, finished goods, flagged, office buildings, excess of, rent, raw materials

1. In an accounting sense, the capital of a business firm is that part of the…………….that has not been produced by the operation of the enterprise.

2. In other words, the ………..of net assets of the firm before any income is earned.

3. An economist is more likely to speak of “real” assets, such as plant and equipment, factory and ………………, and inventories of ………… and of partly finished and ……………., regardless of their financial …………… .

4. Economists of the classical school developed the earliest theory of capital, according to which capital arose out of the……………production over consumption.

5. The income earned by capital is…………….

6. The counterpart to the ………… and ……………… earned by the other factors of production.

6. No ………… satisfactory theory of capital has been presented, and since the 19^th century interest in developing such a theory has …………… .

1. Для ознайомлення з поняттям про систему часів англійських дієслів вивчіть Units 29-30 підручника R. Murphy “English Grammar in Use”

2. Щоб навчитись вживати модальне дієслово can, виконайте наступні ситуаційні вправи:

Ситуація 3. Прочитайте ситуації та складіть речення з “may/might as well”.

1. You and a friend have just missed the bus. The buses run every hour.

You say: We’ll have to wait an hour for the next bus. We might as well walk.

2. You have a free ticket for a concert. You are not very keen on the concert but you decide to go.

You say: I__________________________ to the concert. It’s a pity to waste a free ticket.

3. You are in a café with a friend. You’ve finished your drinks. It’s a nice café and there is no reason to go now, so why not have another drink?

You say: We_____________________________ .What would you like?

4. You and a friend are at home. You are bored. There’s a film on TV starting in a few minutes.

You say: _______________________________. There’s nothing else to do.

Ситуація 4. Перекладіть на англійську мову наступні речення.

1. Мені треба деякий час, щоб подумати.

2. Я кину м’яч, а ти спробуй його зловити.

3. Жінка мала сильний акцент (accent), і я не можу зрозуміти, що вона говорить. 4. Коли вона зазвичай прокидається вранці, сонце струменіє (streaming) крізь вікна.

5. Вона носить окуляри для читання.

6. Я граю в теніс з нею (against her) щотижня і вона завжди перемагає.

7. Я не можу піти з тобою – мені потрібно написати есе (essay).