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Файл:Шпоры (текстовые файлы в юникоде), 3ий семестр (Ташлыкова-Бушкевич ИИ) [4242 вопросов] / 03 Внешний фотоэффект
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1 9 0 5 3. -9=HB59= @0728; 845N ;0=:0 8 2K428=C; 38?>B57C A25B>2KE G0AB8F D>B>=>2. = ?@54?>;>68;, GB> 48A:@5B=K9 E0@0:B5@ ?@8ACI =5 B>;L:> ?@>F5AA0< 8A?CA:0=8O 8 ?>3;>I5=8O A25B0, => 8 A0<><C A25BC.
8?>B570 -9=HB59=0 >7=0G0;0, GB> A25B @0A?@>AB@0=O5BAO 2 2845 :20=B>2 M=5@388, ?>765 =0720==KE D>B>=0<8.
-=5@38O D>B>=0 >?@545;O5BAO D>@<C;>9 " M?A8;>=" = h ( A G5@B>9) * " ><530" . 0AA<>B@8< O2;5=85 D>B>MDD5:B0, :>B>@>5 ?>4B25@6405B 38?>B57C > D>B>=0E.
$>B>M;5:B@8G5A:8< MDD5:B>< ( D>B>MDD5:B><) =07K205BAO 8A?CA:0=85 M;5:B@>=>2 25I5AB2>< ?@8 ?>3;>I5=88 8< :20=B>2 M;5:B@><03=8B=>3> 87;CG5=8O ( D>B>=>2) .
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2 . @8 C25;8G5=88 8=B5=A82=>AB8 ?040NI53> A25B0 G8A;> D>B>M;5:B@>=>2 2>7@0AB05B, => 8E <0:A8<0;L=0O :8=5B8G5A:0O M=5@38O K m a x =5 87<5=O5BAO, 5A;8 G0AB>B0 A25B0 D8:A8@>20=0. 0:A8<0;L=0O :8=5B8G5A:0O M=5@38O D>B>M;5:B@>=>2 ;8=59=> 7028A8B >B G0AB>BK " ><530" ?040NI53> A25B0.
3 . ;O :064>3> <5B0;;0 ACI5AB2C5B :@0A=0O 3@0=8F0 D>B>MDD5:B0 <8=8<0;L=0O G0AB>B0 ( " ><530" =C;52>5) A25B0 ( <0:A8<0;L=0O 4;8=0 2>;=K ( " ;O<140" =C;52>5) , ?@8 :>B>@>9 5I5 ?@>8AE>48B D>B>MDD5:B. @8 <5=LH8E G0AB>B0E " ><530" =C;52>5 < " ><530" D>B>MDD5:B =5 =01;N405BAO 4065 ?@8 A@02=8B5;L=> 1>;LH>9 8=B5=A82=>AB8 A25B0.
@8 2KA>:8E 8=B5=A82=>ABOE A25B0 ( AD>:CA8@>20==>5 ;075@=>5 87;CG5=85) 2 A;CG05 <=>3>D>B>==>3> D>B>MDD5:B0 :@0A=0O 3@0=8F0 D>B>MDD5:B0 8AG5705B. 5;8G8=0 " ><530 =C;52>5" ( " ;O<140 =C;>52>5" ) 7028A8B >B E8<8G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K 25I5AB20 8 A>AB>O=8O 53> ?>25@E=>AB8.
-=5@38O ?>3;>I05<>3> D>B>=0 @0AE>4C5BAO M;5:B@>=>< =0 B>, GB>1K 4>AB8GL ?>25@E=>AB8 25I5AB20 8 ?>:8=CBL 25I5AB2>, 0 B0:65 =0 A>>1I5=85 2K;5B52H5<C D>B>M;5:B@>=C :8=5B8G5A:>9 M=5@388. 8=8<0;L=CN M=5@38N, =5>1E>48<CN 4;O >A2>1>645=8O M;5:B@>=0 87 <5B0;;0, B. 5. 4;O ?@5>4>;5=8O ?>B5=F80;L=>3> 10@L5@0, =07K20NB @01>B>9 2KE>40 .
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h ( A G5@B>9) * " ><530" = + m a x .
@C30O D>@<0 70?8A8 C@02=5=8O -9=HB59=0:
e * | U 7| = h ( A G5@B>9) * ( " ><530" - " ><530 =C;52>5" ) .
1 9 0 5 3. -9=HB59= @0728; 845N ;0=:0 8 2K428=C; 38?>B57C A25B>2KE G0AB8F D>B>=>2. = ?@54?>;>68;, GB> 48A:@5B=K9 E0@0:B5@ ?@8ACI =5 B>;L:> ?@>F5AA0< 8A?CA:0=8O 8 ?>3;>I5=8O A25B0, => 8 A0<><C A25BC.
8?>B570 -9=HB59=0 >7=0G0;0, GB> A25B @0A?@>AB@0=O5BAO 2 2845 :20=B>2 M=5@388, ?>765 =0720==KE D>B>=0<8.
-=5@38O D>B>=0 >?@545;O5BAO D>@<C;>9 " M?A8;>=" = h ( A G5@B>9) * " ><530" . 0AA<>B@8< O2;5=85 D>B>MDD5:B0, :>B>@>5 ?>4B25@6405B 38?>B57C > D>B>=0E.
$>B>M;5:B@8G5A:8< MDD5:B>< ( D>B>MDD5:B><) =07K205BAO 8A?CA:0=85 M;5:B@>=>2 25I5AB2>< ?@8 ?>3;>I5=88 8< :20=B>2 M;5:B@><03=8B=>3> 87;CG5=8O ( D>B>=>2) .
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=5H=8< D>B>MDD5:B>< ( D>B>M;5:B@>==>9 M<8AA859) =07K205BAO 2KA2>1>645=85 M;5:B@>=>2 87 25I5AB20 ?>4 459AB285< A25B0. -B> O2;5=85 1K;> >B:@KB> =5<5F:8< D878:>< . 5@F5< 2 1 8 8 7 3. , ?5@2K5 DC=40<5=B0;L=K5 8AA;54>20=8O 1K;8 2K?>;=5=K @CAA:8< D878:>< . . !B>;5B>2K< ( 1 8 8 8 ) .
!D>@<C;8@C5< B@8 >A=>2=KE 70:>=0 2=5H=53> D>B>MDD5:B0:
1 . 028A8<>ABL B>:0 =0AKI5=8O >B 8=B5=A82=>AB8 ?040NI53> A25B0: ?@8 ?>AB>O==>9 G0AB>B5 ?040NI53> A25B0 A8;0 D>B>B>:0 =0AKI5=8O ?@>?>@F8>=0;L=0 ?040NI5<C =0 :0B>4 A25B>2><C ?>B>:C $ ( 70:>= !B>;5B>20) :
I =0A = k $, 345 k :>MDD8F85=B, 7028AOI89 >B ?@8@>4K <0B5@80;0 :0B>40
2 . @8 C25;8G5=88 8=B5=A82=>AB8 ?040NI53> A25B0 G8A;> D>B>M;5:B@>=>2 2>7@0AB05B, => 8E <0:A8<0;L=0O :8=5B8G5A:0O M=5@38O K m a x =5 87<5=O5BAO, 5A;8 G0AB>B0 A25B0 D8:A8@>20=0. 0:A8<0;L=0O :8=5B8G5A:0O M=5@38O D>B>M;5:B@>=>2 ;8=59=> 7028A8B >B G0AB>BK " ><530" ?040NI53> A25B0.
3 . ;O :064>3> <5B0;;0 ACI5AB2C5B :@0A=0O 3@0=8F0 D>B>MDD5:B0 <8=8<0;L=0O G0AB>B0 ( " ><530" =C;52>5) A25B0 ( <0:A8<0;L=0O 4;8=0 2>;=K ( " ;O<140" =C;52>5) , ?@8 :>B>@>9 5I5 ?@>8AE>48B D>B>MDD5:B. @8 <5=LH8E G0AB>B0E " ><530" =C;52>5 < " ><530" D>B>MDD5:B =5 =01;N405BAO 4065 ?@8 A@02=8B5;L=> 1>;LH>9 8=B5=A82=>AB8 A25B0.
@8 2KA>:8E 8=B5=A82=>ABOE A25B0 ( AD>:CA8@>20==>5 ;075@=>5 87;CG5=85) 2 A;CG05 <=>3>D>B>==>3> D>B>MDD5:B0 :@0A=0O 3@0=8F0 D>B>MDD5:B0 8AG5705B. 5;8G8=0 " ><530 =C;52>5" ( " ;O<140 =C;>52>5" ) 7028A8B >B E8<8G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K 25I5AB20 8 A>AB>O=8O 53> ?>25@E=>AB8.
-=5@38O ?>3;>I05<>3> D>B>=0 @0AE>4C5BAO M;5:B@>=>< =0 B>, GB>1K 4>AB8GL ?>25@E=>AB8 25I5AB20 8 ?>:8=CBL 25I5AB2>, 0 B0:65 =0 A>>1I5=85 2K;5B52H5<C D>B>M;5:B@>=C :8=5B8G5A:>9 M=5@388. 8=8<0;L=CN M=5@38N, =5>1E>48<CN 4;O >A2>1>645=8O M;5:B@>=0 87 <5B0;;0, B. 5. 4;O ?@5>4>;5=8O ?>B5=F80;L=>3> 10@L5@0, =07K20NB @01>B>9 2KE>40 .
!;54>20B5;L=>, 4;O M;5:B@>=>2 ?@>2>48<>AB8 ( =5 A2O70=K A :>=:@5B=K<8 0B><0<8) 2 <5B0;;5 70:>= A>E@0=5=8O M=5@388 2 M;5<5=B0@=>< 0:B5 ?>3;>I5=8O D>B>=0 ( D>@<C;0 -9=HB59=0 4;O 2=5H=53> D>B>MDD5:B0) <>6=> 70?8A0BL B0::
h ( A G5@B>9) * " ><530" = + m a x .
@C30O D>@<0 70?8A8 C@02=5=8O -9=HB59=0:
e * | U 7| = h ( A G5@B>9) * ( " ><530" - " ><530 =C;52>5" ) .
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