5. Answer the following questions:

1. What is weathering?

2. How does weathering differ from erosion?

3. What two important classifications of weathering processes exist?

4. What factors cause physical weathering?

5. What processes does frost weathering include?

6. How can you describe pressure release?

7. What is exfoliation?

8. What kind of process is chemical weathering?

9. How important is water in chemical weathering?

10. What is the role of organisms and plants?

6. Complete the statements according to the contents of the text:

1. The disintegration of rocks, soils and minerals through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, biota and waters is called … .

2. Two important classifications of weathering processes exist – … .

3. Chemical action of minerals in cracks can aid … .

4. Although temperature changes are the principal driver, moisture can enhance … .

5. Within pore spaces of rocks ice accumulations grow larger as they attract … .

6. Intrusive igneous rocks (e.g. granite) are formed deep beneath … .

7. Chemical weathering is a gradual and ongoing process as the mineralogy of the rock adjusts to … .

8. In general, chemical weathering is an acid attack on the rocks, in particular on … .

9. Natural waters contain many dissolved substances that can act as … .

10. The solvent action of water is even stronger when it contains … .

7. Find the English equivalents in the text:

1. хімічна дія мінералів

2. зовнішні частини порід

3. рудувато-коричневий окрас

4. містити вуглекислоту

5. породи, що знаходяться внизу

6. глибоко під поверхнею землі

7. рух порід та мінералів

8. тривалий процес

9. корені проникають у тріщини

10. вивітрювання за принципом заморожування-відтаювання

8. Match each word in section A with one of a similar meaning in section B:

A	B
cooling expand freeze pressure resist distinct sheet decompose penetrate fracture	stress clear withstand layer permeate enlarge decay crack chilling refrigerate

9. Match each word in section A with one of an opposite meaning in section B:

A	B
freeze distinct approximately expand weaken underlying abundant outer increase gradual	strengthen exactly decrease heat immediate unclear inner scarce contract overlying

10. Match the words and their definitions:

heating crack oxidation expand pressure penetrate resist weathering cause adjust

1. the mechanical and chemical breakdown of rocks by the action of rain, snow, cold, etc

2. become or make larger or more extensive

3. withstand the action or effect of

4. to adapt, as to a new environment

5. the exertion of force by one body on the surface of another

6. a line on the surface of something along which it has split without breaking apart

7. go into or through (something), especially with force or effort

8. a process in which a chemical substance changes because of the addition of oxygen

9. generation of heat

10. grounds for action; motive; justification