Вариант №2

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите граммати­ческое значение слов, имеющих окончание -s, -‘s, -s’ (часть речи, падеж, число, лицо, время и пр. - cм. образец выполнения.). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Television plays an important role in our life.

2. The application of powerful relays makes it possible to watch all programs.

3. The driver's work is very difficult.

4. The University consists of 24 different colleges.

II. Перепишите предложения. Определите в каждом из них видовременную форму сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The new equipment will arrive next mouth.

2. They speak about these methods at every conference.

3. The chief engineer gave the detailed description of the speed indicator.

4. New types of integrated circuits have been developed lately.

5. At present solar energy is being studied by many researcers.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные степени сравнения прилагательных и/или наречий. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. This is the easiest way to solve this problem.

2. The advantages of this device are less obvious.

3. The new TV set is more reliable than the old one.

4. The higher the temperature, the more rapid is the motion of the molecules.

IV. a) Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода сказуемого в пассивном залоге.

1. These methods will be applied in new experiments.

2. Now the portable TV cameras are used everywhere.

3. It is known that the area around London was inhabited by the Celts.

4. The first television center was put into operation in the middle of the last century.

5. Laws are usu­ally discussed before they are adopted.

b) Преобразуйте предложения, употребив вместо действительного залога страдательный:

1. Electronic devices control operation of power stations.

2. Jack Kilby developed the concept of integrating devices in 1958.

V. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слов ‘it’, ‘one’, ‘that’ в различных функциях.

1. It was Gagarin who was the first man to orbit the Earth.

2. The problem that has become the most important one is the problem of pollution.

3. It is found that the labour of a man with secondary education is 108 per cent more effective than that of a man without that education.

4. That the Earth is round was unknown for a long time.

5. The experimental technique was similar to that de­scribed previously.

VI. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на значение модального глагола и/или его эквивалента.

1. We must be very attentive while experimenting.

2. You may enter the laboratory without permission.

3. Naturally, this circuit can be modified if necessary.

4. The scientist had to stop the experiment.

5. The students are to study the main laws of physics.

VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст. Ecological Problems of Big Cities

Nowadays ecological problems have become one of the most important and the most urgent ones for the mankind. The pollution of the environment is one of the factors which determines the health of population. The pollution of air, water and soil results in the growth of general and occupational diseases, in the decrease of the work efficiency and other factors. That is why people are worried more and more about the environment.

Today industrial enterprises pollute the atmosphere with million tons of dust and other harmful emissions. Many cities suffer from smog. Automobile transport is one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution. The number of cars and lorries is growing all the time. Traffic in cities is getting worse and worse and it results in an increase of air pollution. In this respect Almaty is one of the most polluted cities in Kazakhstan.

There are over 150 super cities in the world with population from one to 15 million and more. Tokyo, New York, London, Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro and Moscow are just a few of the cities which have become super cities.

People in the super cities suffer from polluted environment: bad water, bad air and noise. A new term, urban climate, is used now for such cities. It means high temperature, oppressive atmosphere and intensive smog.

Some experts consider that it is practically impossible to pro­tect the big cities from pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO) studied air pollution around the world for over eight years. It measured two things: the level of sul­phur dioxide (S0₂) in the air and the level of smoke. Sulphur dioxide and smoke pollute water and have serious effect on forest, buildings and health of people.

In the WHO report it is shown that the cities with the most considerable level of C0₂ in the air are Milan, Teheran, Prague, Santiago and Sao Paulo.

VIII. Выпишите из текста предложения с глаголом в Present Simple Active и Present Simple Passive.