Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (срс)

I. Перекладіть наступні словосполучення: передсердя і шлуночки камера серця серцевий клапан регулювати кровотік кровоносні судини система кровообігу серцево-судинна система велике коло кровообігу мале коло кровообігу II. Дайте відповідь на наступні питання: Where is the heart located? What is the myocardium? What parts does the heart consist of? How is the system of blood vessels called? III. Розкрийте поняття: Серце, Серцево-судинна система

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary

Airway	[’eərweɪ]	дихальні шляхи
Alveolus (pl. alveoli)	[ˌælviˈəʊləs ælˈvɪəlaɪ ]	альвеола
Apex	[ ʹeıpeks ]	верхівка
Base	['beiz]	основа
Border	[ˈbɔːdə]	границя
Carbon dioxide	[ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd]	вуглекислий газ
Exhale	[eks’heɪl]	видихати
Gas exchange	['gæs iks'ʧeinʤ]	газообмін
Hazardous	[’hæzərdəs]	небезпечний
Inhalation	[inhǝ'leiʃn]	вдих
Lateral	[ˈlæt(ə)r(ə)l]	боковий
Lobe	['lǝʋb]	доля
Mediastinum	[ ͵mi:dıəʹstaınəm ]	середостіння
Pleura	[ ʹplʋ(ə)rə ]	плевра
Respiration	[ˏrespi'reiʃn]	дихання
Spongy	[ʹspʌndʒı]	губчастий
Vital capacity	[ˈvaɪtəl kəˈpæsətɪ]	життєвий об’єм

Exercise 2. Pronounce correctly. Translate without dictionary.

Lung [lʌŋ], respiratory [rɪˈspaɪrətr̩i], vary [’veərɪ], surface [ˈsɜːfɪs], weight [weɪt], alveoli [ælˈvɪəlaɪ], functional [ˈfʌŋkʃənəl], oxygen [ˈɒksɪdʒən], vital [‘vaitəl]

Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian

the respiratory system, spongy air-filled organs, muscles of respiration, the lateral cavities of the chest, to be covered with the pleura, conical in shape, the weight of the lungs, the vital capacity of the lungs, to consist of three lobes, to be of a pale rose colour, to become darker, the capillaries of the lungs, gas exchange in the lungs, the total surface, to provide with oxygen, to remove carbon dioxide

Grammar. One/ones, that/those

The right lung is larger than the left lung.	The right lung is larger than the left one.
The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than the walls of the right ventricle.	The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than those of the right one.

Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the use and translation of one/ones, that/those

1. The right atrium is larger than the left one.

2. The number of the vertebrae in the coccyx is less than the number of those in the neck.

3. The lower lobe of the left lung is larger than the upper one.

4. The bones of the lower extremities are longer than those of the upper ones.

5. The weight of the lung is less than that of the heart.

6. Which dictionary do you want? This one or that one?

Exercise 5. Read the text. Write out the key words and word-combinations

The Lungs

There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system: the airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration.

The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. There are two lungs in the human body. They are spongy air-filled organs located in the lateral cavities of the chest. The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum. The lungs are covered with the pleura. They are conical in shape. Each lung has the base, apex, two borders and three surfaces.

The weight of the lungs varies according to many conditions. In the adult male the weight of the lungs is about 1,350 gr. The right lung is about 15% heavier than the left one.

Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that a person can exhale after maximum inhalation. The vital capacity of the lungs is 3.5-4 liters in the male and it is 3-3.5 liters in the female.

The right lung consisting of three lobes is heavier than the left one because the latter consists only of two lobes. The lower lobe of the left lung is larger than the upper one.

In infants the lungs are of a pale rose colour, but later they become darker.

Alveoli are the functional units of the lungs that permit gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries of the lungs. The lungs have many capillaries with the total surface of about 80 sq.m.

The lungs provide us with vital oxygen and remove carbon dioxide before it can reach hazardous levels.

Exercise 6. Answer the questions

1. What are the major parts of the respiratory system?

2. What kind of internal organs are the lungs?

3. Where are the lungs located?

4. What do the lungs consist of?

5. What is the weight of the lungs?

6. What is the vital capacity of the lungs in the male and in the female?

7. How many lobes do the lungs consist of?

8. What is the functional unit of the lungs?

9. What is the function of the lungs?

Exercise 7. Match the terms to their definitions

lung	any of the three parts of the right lung or the two parts of the left lung
pleura	any of the small thin-walled air-containing compartments of the lung
lobe	a delicate membrane that encloses the lungs
respiration	one of the breathing organs located within the chest
alveolus	the act or process of inhaling and exhaling

Exercise 8. Translate into English

Дихальна система, дихальні шляхи, дихальні м’язи, губчастий наповнений повітрям орган, бокові порожнини грудної клітки, вкритий плеврою, основа і верхівка легені, границі і поверхні легені, долі легені, життєвий об’єм легень, загальна поверхня капілярів, газообмін у легенях, забезпечувати киснем, видаляти вуглекислий газ

Exercise 9. Translate into English using one/ones, that/those where it is necessary.

1. Верхні кінцівки коротші, ніж нижні.

2. Життєвий об’єм легень у чоловіків більший, ніж життєвий об’єм легень у жінок.

3. - Я можу взяти твою ручку? - Звичайно, чорну чи синю?

4. Права легеня більша і важча, ніж ліва.

5. Праве передсердя отримує бідну на кисень кров, а ліве – збагачену киснем кров.

6. Які предмети тобі більше подобаються, теоретичні чи практичні?

Exercise 10. Put questions to the underlined words

1. The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum.

2. The lungs provide gas exchange in the human body.

3. The base of the lung is located in the convex surface of the diaphragm.

4. There are over 700,000,000 alveoli in the lungs.

5. The weight of the lungs varies according to many conditions.

6. That woman had a lung disease.

7. Leonardo da Vinci did not understand the relationship between form and function of the lungs.

Exercise 11. Open the brackets. Translate

1. The physician Alessandro Benedetti (to write) in 1497 that the lungs controlled emotions such as anger.

2. The air-filled sacs in the lungs (to call) alveoli.

3. The lungs (to be) internal organs that (to absorb) oxygen into the body and (to remove) carbon dioxide.

4. The lobes of the lungs (to divide) into segments.

5. Medical terms related to the lungs often (to begin) with pulmo-, or with pneumo-

6. The respiratory system (to involve) in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

7. The clinical experiments on the lungs (to carry out) last month.

8. The lecture on lung anatomy (to deliver) last Monday.

Exercise 12. Tell about the lungs using the text and the following plan:

a) the organ of which body system;

b) location;

c) weight and vital capacity;

d) structure;

e) function