6. Прочитайте и подготовьте пересказ текста «Environment Protection»:

Environment Protection

The poisoning of the world's land, air and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilization.

Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect.

The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.

Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it one million species that are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now.

Air pollution is a very serious problem. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening – equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600 cities of our country.

Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.

People are beginning to realize that environmental problems are not somebody else's. They join and support various international organizations and green parties. If governments wake up to what is happening – perhaps we'll be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all of us with it.

7. Прочитайте, перепишите и переведите текст согласно направлению подготовки. Будьте готовы перевести текст без словаря: Problems of the Contemporary Environment

The environmental question is one of the key issues of our era and as such is directly and indirectly linked with other important international problems, namely overgrowth of population, hunger, poverty, peace and disarmament, the need for a harmonious economic and social development. It has been repeatedly stated that the protection of our environment is a matter of survival of mankind on Earth as such it can only be tackled as an international – global issue. Furthermore, it is clear that in order to effectively protect the environment more and better focused research is needed as well as better and more efficient management of the environment and all natural resources.

Environmental degradation of large areas of our globe affects wide groups of population and is clearly international. Borders cannot impede air pollution, river or marine pollution, destruction of forests, desertification or soil erosion. National borders are often unable to hinder the expansion of environmental problems of a different nature such as the case the use of well-known dangerous substances, the transport – and in some cases uncontrolled disposal – of toxic or radioactive products, health problems directly connected with water use or food supply and etc. It is thus evident that environmental policy becomes more complex at national and international levels.

Грамматический справочник

контрольная работа 2

The Participle

Причастие

Причастие является неличной формой глагола, обладающей наряду свойствами глагола, свойствами прилагательного и наречия.

Participle I

Participle I образуется путем прибавления окончания «-ing» к основе глагола:

to work + ing = working

Participle I в функции определения может находиться:

а) перед определяемым словом:

a shining star – сияющая звезда;

б) после определяемого слова:

The stars shining in the dark sky seem blue.

Звезды, сияющие в темном небе, кажутся голубыми.

На русский язык Participle I в функции определения переводится причастием действительного залога с суффиксами-окончаниями -щий, -щая, -щее, -щие, иногда -вший, -вшие.

Participle I в функции обстоятельства стоит чаще всего в начале предложения и отвечает на вопросы: как? когда? Переводится на русский деепричастием несовершенного вида, оканчивающимся на -а, -я, например, читая, сидя и т.д.

Translating the article he consulted the dictionary.

Переводя статью, он пользовался словарем.

Перед Participle I в функции обстоятельства часто стоят союзы when / while. Такие словосочетания переводятся либо деепричастным оборотом с опущением союза, либо придаточным предложением, которое начинается с союзов «когда», «в то время как».

While translating the article the student consulted the dictionary.

1. Переводя статью, студент пользовался словарем. 2. Когда студент переводил статью, он пользовался словарем.