Руководство ВОЗ по питанию женщин

ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

ɇȺɌɊɂɃ (1 ɦɦɨɥɶ = 23 ɦɝ)

ɇɚɬɪɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɧɟɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ. Ⱦɚɜɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɛɪɢɬɚɧɰɟɦ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ. Ɂɪɟɥɵɟ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɱɤɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ.

ɇɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ.

ȼɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ

ɇɉɉȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ:

iɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ (ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 3,2 ɝ/ɫɭɬ) ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ;

iiɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɨɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɯɨɬɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ;

iiiɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ;

ivɨɤɨɥɨ 10% ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚɬɪɢɣɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɨɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɵɲɟ 3,2–4,7 ɝ/ɫɭɬ.

Ȼɭɞɭɱɢ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɉɋɉ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɆɊȼɉ ɢ Ɋɇɉ. ɂ ɬɚ, ɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɬɪɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɬɭ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ.

Ɇɥɚɞɟɧɰɵ ɢ ɞɟɬɢ

Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ (ɧɨɪɦɵ) ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ ɞɨ 6 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦ ɦɨɥɨɤɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɝɨ

ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɠɭ, ɫ ɦɨɱɨɣ ɢ ɤɚɥɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ.

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ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 22. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɦɝ/ɫɭɬ

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ

ɏɨɬɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɛ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ, ɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɲɥɚ ɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3,2 ɝ/ɫɭɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ.

ɄȺɅɂɃ (1 ɦɦɨɥɶ = 39,1 ɦɝ)

Ʉɚɥɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɦ ɨɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɜɧɭɬɪɢ- ɢ ɜɧɟɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ.

Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭɧɟɠɢɪɨɜɨɣ (ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ) ɬɤɚɧɢ. Ⱥɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɨɧɢɢ.

ȼɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ

ɏɨɬɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɟ ɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ, ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɢɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɥɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ. ɉɋɉ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɆɊȼɉ ɢ Ɋɇɉ.

Ɇɥɚɞɟɧɰɵ ɢ ɞɟɬɢ

ɇɉɉȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɥɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɠɭ, ɫ ɦɨɱɨɣ ɢ ɤɚɥɨɦ.

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ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 23. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɥɢɹ, ɦɝ/ɫɭɬ

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ

Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ 18 ɝ/ɫɭɬ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ.

ɏɅɈɊɂȾɕ (1 ɦɦɨɥɶ = 35,5 ɦɝ)

ɏɥɨɪɢɞɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɲɥɚ ɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɚ (ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ) ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ. ɇɉɉȼ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɇɉɉȼ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ 1,54 (ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɯɥɨɪɚ).

ɆȿȾɖ (1 ɦɤɦɨɥɶ = 63,5 ɦɤɝ)

ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɚɥɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɜ ɦɟɞɢ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɫɦɨɝɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ Ɋɇɉ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 24. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢ, ɦɝ/ɫɭɬ

Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɇɉɉȼ ɞɨ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

Ʉɨɪɦɹɳɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ + 0,3

- 48 -

ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ

ɏɨɬɹɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦɟɞɢɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɯɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɞɥɹɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɧɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɬɨɱɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɩɨɞɚɧɧɨɦɭɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ. ȼɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɟɞɢ1,6 ɦɝ/ɥɜɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣɜɨɞɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ.

ɃɈȾ (1 ɦɤɦɨɥɶ = 127 ɦɤɝ)

Ƀɨɞ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɨɜ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.

ȼɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ

ɇɉɉȼ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɨɛɚ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɦ ɣɨɞɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɉɋɉ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɧɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɆɊȼɉ ɢ Ɋɇɉ.

Ɇɥɚɞɟɧɰɵ

ɇɉɉȼ ɞɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɟɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦ ɦɨɥɨɤɟ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 25. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɣɨɞɚ, ɦɤɝ/ɫɭɬ

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɢɪɟɨɢɞɢɡɦɚ; ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɣɨɞɭ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 17 ɦɤɝ/ɤɝ/ɫɭɬ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1000 ɦɤɝ/ɫɭɬ.

ɋȿɅȿɇ (1 ɦɤɦɨɥɶ = 79 ɦɤɝ)

ɋɟɥɟɧ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɫ ɩɢɳɟɣ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ. ɍɪɨɜɧɢ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ, ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɢ ɦɨɱɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɤɨɥɨ 55% ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ.

- 49 -

ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɜɵɹɜɢɥɚ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɤɭɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɰɟɩɬɢɜɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɟɥɟɧɟ.

Ȼɵɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɆɊȼɉ ɢ Ɋɇɉ, ɧɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɉɋɉ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 26. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɟɧɚ, ɦɤɝ/ɫɭɬ

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ

ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 6 ɦɤɝ/ɤɝ/ɫɭɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ.

ȾɊɍȽɂȿ ɆɂɇȿɊȺɅɖɇɕȿ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼȺ

Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 27. Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ

- 50 -

ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

DHSS 1969. Recommended Intakes of Nutrients for the United Kingdom, London, HMSO, 1969 (Report on public health and medical subjects; 120).

DHSS 1979. Recommended Daily Amounts of food energy and nutrients for groups of people in the United Kingdom, London, HMSO, 1970 (Report on public health and medical subjects; 15).

DHSS 1980. Artificial Feeds for the Young Infant, London, HMSO, 1980 (Report on public health and medical subjects; 18).

DH 1991. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom, London, HMSO, 1991 (Report on public health and medical subjects; 41).

WHO 1985. Energy and Protein Requirements. Report on a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Meeting, Geneva, World Health Organization, 1985 (WHO Technical Report Series; 724).

FAO/WHO 1988. Requirɟments of Vitamin A, Iron, Folate and Vitamin B12, Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization, 1988 (FAO Food and Nutrition Series; 23).

Englyst H.N. and Cummings J.H. 1988. An improved method for the measurement of dietary fibre as nonstarch polysaccharides in plant foods, J Ass Off Anal Chem 1988; 71:808-814.

ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ

ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɫɚ

ɝɝɪɚɦɦ

- 51 -

ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɵ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɢɳɢ

- 52 -

ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

- 53 -

ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ

ɌȺȻɅɂɐɕ

1.ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ (ɉɋɉ) ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ – ɞɟɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɢ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ

2.ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ

3.Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɉɋɉ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɦɹɳɢɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ

4.Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɤɚ

5.Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɠɢɪɨɜ

6.Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɨɜ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɜ:

7.ȼɢɬɚɦɢɧ Ⱥ

8.Ɍɢɚɦɢɧ

9.Ɋɢɛɨɮɥɚɜɢɧ

10.ɇɢɚɰɢɧ

11.ȼɢɬɚɦɢɧ ȼ6

12.ȼɢɬɚɦɢɧ ȼ12

13.Ɏɨɥɚɬɵ

14.ȼɢɬɚɦɢɧ ɋ

15.ȼɢɬɚɦɢɧ D

16.ȼɢɬɚɦɢɧ ȿ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ:

17.Ʉɚɥɶɰɢɣ

18.Ɏɨɫɮɨɪ

19.Ɇɚɝɧɢɣ

20.ɀɟɥɟɡɨ

21.ɐɢɧɤ

22.ɇɚɬɪɢɣ

23.Ʉɚɥɢɣ

24.Ɇɟɞɶ

25.Ƀɨɞ

26.ɋɟɥɟɧ

27.Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ

ɊɂɋɍɇɄɂ

1.ɋɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ

2.Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ

- 54 -

ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ “Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ”

ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ C: Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ

1. ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ?

1.1 ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɢɳɚ?

ɉɢɳɚ – ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɫɴɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɨ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ. ɉɢɳɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ, ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɢɡ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɧɚɲ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ

1.ȼɨɞɚ

2.ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ

3.ɀɢɪ

4.Ȼɟɥɨɤ

5.ɉɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɤɚ (ɧɟɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ)

6.Ⱥɥɤɨɝɨɥɶ

7.ȼɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ

8.Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɫɬɜɚ

9.Ɇɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ

10.Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɚɞɚɧɬɵ

11.Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ)

12.Ʉɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɢ (ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ)

13.ɇɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɹɞɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɰɢɚɧɢɞ)

14.Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɮɟɢɧ)

15.Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɧɬɵ)

16.Ʉɨɧɬɚɦɢɧɚɧɬɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɵ)

ɉɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɷɬɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. ɇɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 50 ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɤ ɫɟɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɚɦ, ɛɟɥɤɚɦ, ɠɢɪɚɦ, ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚɦ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɤɟ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜɫɟ ɫɟɦɶ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɞɧɭɢɥɢ ɞɜɟ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ, ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ, ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ, ɛɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɠɢɪɵ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɠɟ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹɯ. ȼ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (“ɧɟɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ”). Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɚɪɨɦɚɬ, ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɸ, ɰɜɟɬ ɢ ɜɤɭɫ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ – ɧɟɬ, ɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦ.

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