- •Хрестоматия по истории английского языка
- •Введение
- •Old English Analysis of Old English Text
- •Beowulf
- •Account on Ohthere’s Voyage
- •The Story of Isaac’s Deceit
- •Middle English Analysis of Middle English Text
- •The Peterborough Chronicle
- •The Canterbury Tales
- •Grammar: Old English Nouns
- •Adjectives
- •Pronouns
- •Verbals
- •Grammar: Middle English Nouns
- •Adjectives
- •Personal pronouns
- •Glossary
- •Literature
Pronouns
Personal pronoun, Singular
Case and number |
First person |
Second person |
N, Sg |
Ic |
Þū |
G, Sg |
Mīn |
Þīn |
Dat., Sg. |
Mē |
Þē |
Akk., Sg. |
Mek/Mē |
Þek/ Þē |
Third person
Case and number |
Masculine |
Neuter |
Feminine |
N, Sg |
Hē |
Hit |
Hēo |
G, Sg |
His |
His |
Hire |
Dat., Sg. |
Him |
Him |
Hire |
Akk., Sg. |
Hine |
Hit |
Hīe/hī |
Dual number
Case and number |
First person |
Second person |
N, Sg |
Wit |
ჳit |
G, Sg |
Uncer |
Incer |
Dat., Sg. |
Unc |
Inc |
Akk., Sg. |
Uncit |
Incit, inc |
Plural number
Case and number |
First person |
Second person |
Third person |
N, Sg |
Wē |
ჳē |
Hīe, hēo, hī, hy |
G, Sg |
Ūre, ūser |
Ēower |
Hīera, hīra, hyra |
Dat., Sg. |
Ūs |
Ēow |
Him, heom |
Akk., Sg. |
Ūsic, ūs |
Ēowic, ēow |
Hīe, hēo, hī, hy |
Demonstrative pronoun “that”
Case and number |
Masculine |
Neuter |
Feminine |
Plural |
N, Sg |
Sē |
Þæt |
Sēo |
Þā |
G, Sg |
Þǽs |
þǽs |
Þǽr |
Þāra, þǽre |
Dat., Sg. |
Þǽm, þām |
Þām, þǽm |
Þǽre |
Þām, þǽm |
Akk., Sg. |
Þonne |
Þæt |
þā |
þā |
Instr, Sg, |
Þỳ, þon |
þỳ, þon |
– |
– |
Demonstrative pronoun “this”
Case and number |
Masculine |
Neuter |
Feminine |
Plural |
N, Sg |
Þē |
Þis |
Þēos |
Þās |
G, Sg |
Þisses |
Þisses |
Þisse |
Þissa |
Dat., Sg. |
Þissum |
Þissum |
Þisse |
Þissum |
Akk., Sg. |
Þisne |
Þis |
Þās |
Þās |
Instr, Sg, |
Þỳs |
Þỳs |
– |
– |
Verbs
Strong Verbs
Classes |
Forms |
|||
Present |
Past Singular |
Past Plural |
Participle II |
|
Class 1 |
ჳewītan |
ჳewāt |
ჳewiton |
ჳewiten |
Class 2 |
Scufan |
Scēaf |
Scufon |
Scofen |
Class 3l |
Helpan |
Healp |
Hulpon |
Holpen |
Class 3r |
Ceorfan |
Cearf |
Curfon |
Corfen |
Class 3n |
Windan |
Wand |
Wundon |
Wunden |
Class 4 |
Beran |
Bær |
Bǽron |
Boren |
Class 5 |
Beჳitan |
Beჳæt |
Beჳǽt |
Beჳeten |
Class 6 |
Scacan |
Scōc |
Scōcon |
Scacen |
Class 7 |
Lǽtan |
Lēt |
Lēton |
Lætan |
Conjugation of strong verbs
Person |
Present Indicative |
Past Indicative |
Present Subjunctive |
Past Subjunctive |
1st person, Sg |
Helpe |
Healp |
Healpe |
Hulpe |
2nd person, Sg |
Helpst |
Hulpes |
Healpe |
Hulpe |
3rd person, Sg |
Helþ |
Healp |
Healpe |
Hulpe |
Plural |
Helþas |
Hulpon |
Healpen |
Hulpen |
