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Conditional Sentences

Існує 2 основних типи умовних речень:

1) Умовні речення з реальною умовою (час дії не скінчився)

If I had time (today, tomorrow) I should help you.

(підрядне речення) (головне речення)

Якби у мене був час (сьогодні, завтра), я б допоміг вам.

головне речення should (would) + інфінітив без to, підрядне речення Past Indefinite

2) Умовні речення з нереальною умовою (час дії скінчився)

If I had had time (yesterday, last year) I should have helped you.

(підрядне речення) (головне речення)

Якби у мене був час (вчора, минулого року), я б допоміг вам.

головне речення should (would) + перфектний інфінітив без to, підрядне речення Past Perfect

1. Прочитайте та перекладіть умовні речення.

1. If you were here, I would give you the dictionary. 2. If I had time I should go to the library. 3. If you had worked hard at your English, you would not have failed in the test. 4. If he had been at the lesson, he would have known the new material. 5. If I were you, I should visit your sick friend today. 6. We should have stayed in the country a little longer, if the weather had been fine.

2. Розкрийте дужки, утворюючи умовні речення. Перекладіть утворені речення.

1. If she (find out) the truth, she (to be) very happy. 2. I (to visit) him in the hospital last week, if I (to know) about his illness. 3. If we (not to like) his suggestion yesterday, we (to tell) him about it. 4. If John (to want) the advice, he to ask you. 5. If his sister (to have) better qualification last year, she (to be able to) apply for better job. 6. They (to find) the solution, if they (to understand) the problem). 7. If Beth (to go) to her native town at that time, she (to be) happier. 8. If you (not to agree) with me, I (to go) to the director. 9. What you (to do), if he (to tell) you to leave?

3. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою, використовуючи умовні речення.

1. Ти б почував себе краще, якби лягав спати раніше. 2. Він краще знав би англійську, якби читав побільше англійських книжок. 3. Якби вони прийшли раніше, вони змогли б зайняти кращі місця. 4. Ми б не запізнились на поїзд, якби взяли таксі. 5. Якщо піде дощ, діти залишаться вдома. 6. Якби вчора не було так холодно, ми б поїхали за місто.

Урок 9

Environmental Pollution

Topical words

environment

greenhouse effect

natural world

carbon dioxide

soil

release of gases

toxic wastes

to protect

ozone hole

healthy environment

acid rain

to pollute

damage

to prevent

warming-up process

dangerous

illness

disease

People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollu­tion was not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowded rural area: and did not have pollution — causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important. Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960’s people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution.

Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food can not be grown. In addition envi­ronmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet.

Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are pollut­ing the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce neces­sary goods. Fertilisers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil.

Thus, people would have to stop using many useful things if they wanted to end pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But pollution can be reduced gradually. Scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles and factories. Govern­ment can pass the laws that would make enterprises take measures for re­ducing of pollution. Individuals and groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.

Answer the following questions:

  1. Why wasn’t pollution such as a serious problem earlier?

  2. When have people become alarmed with the danger of pollu­tion?

  3. What can environmental pollution cause?

  4. Why is pollution a complicated problem?

  5. Can pollution be stopped immediately?

  6. What can the government and individuals do to reduce pollution?