Exercises

Ex. 1. Give Russian equivalents to the sentences below paying special attention to the parts in italics.

1. On January 28, 1902 Andrew Carnegie founded what was to become a new kind of institution for America. 2. Carnegie Institution was the first to be devoted wholly to fundamental research over wide fronts of science in the most completely basic aspect. 3. Carnegie Institution was established specifically to encourage investigation, research and discovery. 4. The only 'commitment the scientists of this Institution is to carry on research. 5. They choose their own fields of investigation. 6. The scientists in the last sixty years have made far-ranging major contributions to knowledge. 7. Work in the pioneering areas is being carried on in six research centres. 8. The research centres are operated by the Institution and by individual scientists and research teams. 9. The observatory is currently engaged in programs on the physical nature and evolution of celestial bodies. 10. The Geophysical Laboratory conducts broad studies on the structure, formation and evolution of the earth's crust. 11. Research at this Department covers a wide range of subjects.

Ex. 2. Insert articles where necessary.

A

1. This Institute was established . . . little over sixty years ago. 2. It is one of . . . first institutions of . . . new kind. It was devoted wholly to . . . fundamental research. 3. . . . researchers of . . . Institution have made . . . tremendous progress in. . . . twenty years. 4. This laboratory carries on . . . broad studies on . . . structure of. . . . universe. 5. At . . . present everybody must learn more about. . . . physical history of our pla­net. 6 . . . research of this laboratory covers . . . wide range of subjects. 7. One of . . . teams works in . . . field of . . . nuclear physics. 8. Another laboratory in­vestigates.. . process of . . . manufacturing . . . orga­nic matter.

В

9. Our Institute was established . . . little over twenty years ago. 10. It was devoted to . . . theoretical research. 11. Our laboratory conducts . . . broad studies in . . . various aspects of . . . inorganic chemistry. 12. What subjects does . . . research carried on at your laboratory cover? 13. Are you familiar with . . . struc­ture of . . . chemical compounds? 14. Have you ever read any books on . . . genetics?

Ex. 3. Answer the questions.

1. Who was the founder of the Carnegie Institution? 2. When was the Carnegie Institution founded? 3. What was the Carnegie Institution to be devoted to? 4. What is the only 'commitment the scientists of the C. I.? 5. What contribution did the scientists of this Insti­tution make to knowledge? 6. How many research centres carry on work in the pioneering areas? 7. How are the research centres operated? 8. What is the observatory currently engaged in? 9. What kinds of studies does the Geophysical Laboratory conduct? 10. Where are biological studies carried on at the Carnegie Institution? 11. Whom does the Carnegie Institution annually invite to carry on studies so as to use the facilities of the Insti­tution? 12. How are the results of the Institution's re­search presented to the world?

Ex. 4. Give an affirmative or negative answer to the following questions adding some details.

Model:

1. Do you work in the field of molecular physics?

1. Yes, I do.

2. No, I don't. I work in the field of organic chemistry (biology, etc.).

1. Are there any unsolved problems in your field of science? 2. Are you going to work in the laboratory of embriology? 3. Does your research unit investigate the processes occurring in cells? 4. Will you be engaged in a new program of your laboratory research? 5. Were similar investigations carried on in several research centres? 6. Has any progress been made in science in the last fifty years in your field?

Ex. 5. Answer the questions. Note the use of preposition in.

1. What kind of research is your laboratory (team, department, Institute) engaged in? 2. What field of science did N. Bohr (Ch. Darwin, P. L. Capitza) work in? 3. What papers (monographs) has your supervisor published in recent years (months)? 4. What processes in the human organism (cells, nuclei) does your labora­tory (research unit) study? 5. In what field of biology (physics, etc.) does your laboratory carry on research?

Ex. 6. Insert prepositions where necessary.

A

1. The only commitment . . . the scientists . . . the Departments . . . Carnegie Institution is to carry on research. 2. Fundamental research is carried on . . . wide fronts . . . science. 3. The knowledge obtained must be applied . . . the improvements . . . mankind. 4. The interests . . . Carnegie Institution are mainly . . . three broad fields. 5. All the research centres are operated . . . the Institution and . . . individual scientists. 6. The Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories are currently engaged . . . programs . . . the physical nature . . . the Universe. 7. This laboratory conducts broad stu­dies . . . the evolution . . . the earth's crust. 8. At pre­sent electronics has developed . . . a wide branch . . . science. 9. Selected scientists work . . . the research centres . . . the Carnegie Institution. 10. The results . . . the research work are promptly presented . . . the world . . . scientific publications.11. My adviser devotes much time . . . studying . . . the papers . . . other scientists. 12. Can you apply your knowledge . . . English . . . your work? 13. Our scientists carry . . . research . . . various fields of sci­ence. 14. . . . present our interests are mainly . . . two broad fields. 15. Our research team is engaged . . . organizing experiments. 16. Science . . . this country has made a tremendous progress . . . the last fifty years. 17. Usually the field stations are operated . . . the re­search centres. 18. The laboratory I work . . . conducts broad studies . . . the structure of atomic nuclei. 19. Our laboratory has recently developed . . . a separate Insti­tute. 20. . . . the moment a new fundamental work . . . our team is being presented . . . the world.

Ex. 7. A. Answer the questions as in the model.

Model:

1. When was your laboratory established?

2. As far as I know, it was established in 1957.

1. Who established the law of gravity (the structure of DNA)? 2. When was your laboratory established in the new building of the Institute? 3. What kind of research is encouraged at your Institute? 4. Who encou­raged your interests in biology (physics)? 5. What work were you engaged in last year? 6. What laboratories (research units) are engaged in the same program?

B. Summarize your answers in a short talk about your laboratory and your research.

Ex. 8. Confirm the statements according to the model.

Model:

1. This work was a great contribution to science.

1. Yes, indeed it was (a great contribu­tion to science).

2. That's quite right. It was a great contribution to science.

1. The Carnegie Institution was established in order to encourage investigation, research and discovery.

2. The scientists choose their own fields of investigation.

3. At present the Carnegie Institution's interests are mainly in three broad fields. 4. The work is being car­ried on in six research centres operated by the Institu­tion. 5. The task of the Geophysical Laboratory is to learn more about the physical and biological history of our planet. 6. The observatories are currently engaged in programs on the structure and dimensions of the Universe. 7. The research at the Institution covers a wide range of subjects. 8. Scientists of international reputation are annually invited by the Carnegie Insti­tution to work at its research centres.

Ex. 9. A. Say a few words about Darwin's, Newton's, Bohr's or any other scientist's contribution to science.

U s e: contribute to our understanding of . . . ; make a great contribution to . . . ; discover the law of . . . ; sug­gest (advance) the idea theory) of . . . .

Model: Darwin made a great contribution to science. He advanced the idea of

the origin of species.

B. Say a few words about your Institute (laboratory, research unit, team).

U s e: be founded, be established; be engaged in; be encouraged; be interested in; conduct; carry ore; perform; learn; make progress in; make use of; make contribution to.

Mоdel: The Institute of Cytology was founded in 1957.