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Файл:Философия по И.И. Кальному / Уровни чувственного и рационального познания, их формы
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48=8G=>5 >ICI5=85 ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 D@03<5=B A;>6=>3> :><?;5:A0 >1I53> >ICI5=8O >1J5:B0 :0: ?@54?>AK;:8 2>A?@8OB8O 8AB>G=8:0 ?5@28G=>9 8=D>@<0F88 .
>A?@8OB85 >B@065=85 F5;>AB=>3> >1@070 >1J5:B0 , =5?>A@54AB25==> 2>7459AB2CNI53> =0 >@30=K GC2AB2 AC1J5:B0 .
0 D>@<8@>20=85 MB>3> >1@070 ACI5AB25==>5 2;8O=85 >:07K205B =0:>?;5==K9 >?KB AC1J5:B0 , 53> ?A8E>;>38G5A:0O CAB0=>2:0 .
>A?@8OB85 :0: =5?>A@54AB25==K9 GC2AB25==K9 >1@07 O2;O5BAO ?@54?>AK;:>9 ?@54AB02;5=8O .
@54AB02;5=85 MB> B>B GC2AB25==K9 , F5;>AB=K9 >1@07 >1J5:B0 , :>B>@K9 2>7=8:05B 2A;54AB285 >?>A@54>20==>3> 2>7459AB28O >1J5:B0 =0 >@30=K GC2AB2 AC1J5:B0 . 53> D>@<8@>20=88 ?@8=8<0NB CG0AB85 420 D0:B>@0 : >?KB ?@>H;>3> 2>A?@8OB8O 8 A?>A>1=>ABL AC1J5:B0 : 2>>1@065=8N 8 ?5@56820=8N .
-B>B >1@07 ?>72>;O5B AC1J5:BC ?@>O28BL A2>N <5@C 2>>1@065=8O , D0=B0788 8 25@K , «4>@8A>20BL » >1@07 , A45;02 53> 1>;55 CAB>9G82K< 8 ?@82KG=K< 4;O A51O . MB>< A<KA;5 ?@54AB02;5=85 5ABL B>B =03;O4=K9 8 F5;>AB=K9 >1@07 , :>B>@K9 @>6405BAO A8;>9 2>>1@065=8O =0 >A=>25 ?@>H;>3> GC2AB25==>3> >?KB0 .
'C2AB25==K9 C@>25=L ?>7=0=8O =5 O2;O5BAO 87=0G0;L=> 7040==K< . = 8<55B A2>N A>F8>:C;LBC@=CN >1CA;>2;5==>ABL . >I=K< D0:B>@>< @0728B8O GC2AB25==>3> C@>2=O O2;O5BAO 687=545OB5;L=>ABL G5;>25:0 .
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A=>2=K<8 D>@<0<8 <KH;5=8O O2;ONBAO ?>=OB85 , AC645=85 8 C<>70:;NG5=85 .
>=OB85 <KA;8<>5 >B@065=85 >1J5:B0 2 53> >1I8E 8 ACI5AB25==KE ?@87=0:0E . >=OB85 O2;O5BAO @0F8>=0;L=K< >B@065=85< 459AB28B5;L=>AB8 , D>@<>9 :>=F5=B@8@>20==>3> 7=0=8O .
!C645=85 MB> B0:0O D>@<0 @0F8>=0;L=>3> C@>2=O ?>7=0=8O ,2 :>B>@>9 ?>A@54AB2>< A2O78 ?>=OB89 GB> -;81> CB25@6405BAO 8;8 >B@8F05BAO .
"@5BLO D>@<0 ;>38G5A:>3> <KH;5=8O C<>70:;NG5=85 . => ?>72>;O5B 87 8AE>4=>3> 7=0=8O ;>38G5A:8< ?CB5< ?>;CG0BL =>2>5 7=0=85 .
#<>70:;NG5=85 MB> B0:0O D>@<0 @0F8>=0;L=>3> C@>2=O ?>7=0=8O , :>B>@0O >15A?5G8205B 2>7<>6=>ABL 87 AC645=89 , 8<5=C5<KE «?>AK;:0<8 » , 2K25AB8 AC645=85 (70:;NG5=85 ) .
'C2AB25==>5 ?>7=0=85 >ACI5AB2;O5BAO 2 B@5E >A=>2=KE D>@<0E : >ICI5=85 ; 2>A?@8OB85 ; ?@54AB02;5=85 .
ICI5=85 >B>1@065=85 >B45;L=KE A2>9AB2 >1J5:B0 , 2>7=8:0NI55 ?@8 53> 2>7459AB288 =0 >@30=K GC2AB2 : 7@5=85 , A;CE , >1>=O=85 , >AO70=85 , 2:CA AC1J5:B0 .
48=8G=>5 >ICI5=85 ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 D@03<5=B A;>6=>3> :><?;5:A0 >1I53> >ICI5=8O >1J5:B0 :0: ?@54?>AK;:8 2>A?@8OB8O 8AB>G=8:0 ?5@28G=>9 8=D>@<0F88 .
>A?@8OB85 >B@065=85 F5;>AB=>3> >1@070 >1J5:B0 , =5?>A@54AB25==> 2>7459AB2CNI53> =0 >@30=K GC2AB2 AC1J5:B0 .
0 D>@<8@>20=85 MB>3> >1@070 ACI5AB25==>5 2;8O=85 >:07K205B =0:>?;5==K9 >?KB AC1J5:B0 , 53> ?A8E>;>38G5A:0O CAB0=>2:0 .
>A?@8OB85 :0: =5?>A@54AB25==K9 GC2AB25==K9 >1@07 O2;O5BAO ?@54?>AK;:>9 ?@54AB02;5=8O .
@54AB02;5=85 MB> B>B GC2AB25==K9 , F5;>AB=K9 >1@07 >1J5:B0 , :>B>@K9 2>7=8:05B 2A;54AB285 >?>A@54>20==>3> 2>7459AB28O >1J5:B0 =0 >@30=K GC2AB2 AC1J5:B0 . 53> D>@<8@>20=88 ?@8=8<0NB CG0AB85 420 D0:B>@0 : >?KB ?@>H;>3> 2>A?@8OB8O 8 A?>A>1=>ABL AC1J5:B0 : 2>>1@065=8N 8 ?5@56820=8N .
-B>B >1@07 ?>72>;O5B AC1J5:BC ?@>O28BL A2>N <5@C 2>>1@065=8O , D0=B0788 8 25@K , «4>@8A>20BL » >1@07 , A45;02 53> 1>;55 CAB>9G82K< 8 ?@82KG=K< 4;O A51O . MB>< A<KA;5 ?@54AB02;5=85 5ABL B>B =03;O4=K9 8 F5;>AB=K9 >1@07 , :>B>@K9 @>6405BAO A8;>9 2>>1@065=8O =0 >A=>25 ?@>H;>3> GC2AB25==>3> >?KB0 .
'C2AB25==K9 C@>25=L ?>7=0=8O =5 O2;O5BAO 87=0G0;L=> 7040==K< . = 8<55B A2>N A>F8>:C;LBC@=CN >1CA;>2;5==>ABL . >I=K< D0:B>@>< @0728B8O GC2AB25==>3> C@>2=O O2;O5BAO 687=545OB5;L=>ABL G5;>25:0 .
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;03>40@O <KH;5=8N >ACI5AB2;O5BAO ?5@5E>4 >B GC2AB25==>3> ?>7=0=8O : @0F8>=0;L=><C (;>38G5A:><C ) ?>7=0=8N .
KH;5=85 MB> DC=:F8O <>730 , >15A?5G820NI0O >B2;5G5==>5 8 >1>1I5==>5 >A2>5=85 1KB8O 2 <8@5 =0 C@>2=5 2A:@KB8O 53> ACI5AB25==KE AB>@>= , A2>9AB2 , A2O759 8 >B=>H5=89 .
A=>2=K<8 D>@<0<8 <KH;5=8O O2;ONBAO ?>=OB85 , AC645=85 8 C<>70:;NG5=85 .
>=OB85 <KA;8<>5 >B@065=85 >1J5:B0 2 53> >1I8E 8 ACI5AB25==KE ?@87=0:0E . >=OB85 O2;O5BAO @0F8>=0;L=K< >B@065=85< 459AB28B5;L=>AB8 , D>@<>9 :>=F5=B@8@>20==>3> 7=0=8O .
!C645=85 MB> B0:0O D>@<0 @0F8>=0;L=>3> C@>2=O ?>7=0=8O ,2 :>B>@>9 ?>A@54AB2>< A2O78 ?>=OB89 GB> -;81> CB25@6405BAO 8;8 >B@8F05BAO .
"@5BLO D>@<0 ;>38G5A:>3> <KH;5=8O C<>70:;NG5=85 . => ?>72>;O5B 87 8AE>4=>3> 7=0=8O ;>38G5A:8< ?CB5< ?>;CG0BL =>2>5 7=0=85 .
#<>70:;NG5=85 MB> B0:0O D>@<0 @0F8>=0;L=>3> C@>2=O ?>7=0=8O , :>B>@0O >15A?5G8205B 2>7<>6=>ABL 87 AC645=89 , 8<5=C5<KE «?>AK;:0<8 » , 2K25AB8 AC645=85 (70:;NG5=85 ) .
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