Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Философия по И.И. Кальному / Истина и ее критерии.Истина и правда

..txt
Скачиваний:
13
Добавлен:
24.05.2014
Размер:
7.97 Кб
Скачать
юя!;>20@L A>2@5<5==>9 D8;>A>D88 >?@545;O5B ?>=OB85 8AB8=0  A;54CNI8< >1@07><: AB8=0 (3@5G. aletheia, 1C:2.  =5A:@KB=>ABL )  7=0=85, A>>B25BAB2CNI55 A2>5<C ?@54<5BC, A>2?040NI55 A =8<.  G8A;C >A=>2=KE A2>9AB2, ?@87=0:>2 8AB8=K <>6=> >B=5AB8: >1J5:B82=>ABL ?> A2>5<C 2=5H=5<C 8AB>G=8:C 8 AC1J5:B82=>ABL ?> A2>8< 2=CB@5==8< 8450;L=K< A>45@60=8N 8 D>@<5; ?@>F5AAC0;L=K9 E0@0:B5@ (8AB8=0 5ABL ?@>F5AA, 0 =5 3>;K9 @57C;LB0B ); 548=AB2> 01A>;NB=>3>, CAB>9G82>3> (B.5. 25G=K5 8AB8=K ) 8 >B=>A8B5;L=>3>, 87<5=G82>3> 2 55 A>45@60=88; 2708<>A2O7L 01AB@0:B=>3> 8 :>=:@5B=>3> ( 8AB8=0 2A5340 :>=:@5B=0 ). N1>5 8AB8==>5 7=0=85 (2 =0C:5, 2 D8;>A>D88, 8A:CAAB25 8 B.?.) >?@545;O5BAO 2 A2>5< A>45@60=88 8 ?@8<5=5=88 40==K<8 CA;>28O<8 <5AB0, 2@5<5=8 8 <=>38<8 4@C38<8 A?5F8D8G5A:8<8 >1AB>OB5;LAB20<8. @>B82>?>;>6=>ABLN 8AB8=K 8 2<5AB5 A B5< =5>1E>48<K< <><5=B>< 42865=8O ?>7=0=8O : =59 O2;O5BAO 701;C645=85. @8B5@88 8AB8=K ?>4@0745;ONBAO =0 M<?8@8G5A:85 (>?KB, ?@0:B8:0) 8 2=5M<?8@8G5A:85 (;>38G5A:85, B5>@5B8G5A:85, 0 B0:65 B0:85, :0: ?@>AB>B0, :@0A>B0, 2=CB@5==55 A>25@H5=AB2> 7=0=89 8 B.?.) .



AB8=K 1K20NB M<?8@8G5A:85 8 B5>@5B8G5A:85. -<?8@8O  MB> >?KB. 7 >?KB>2 <K 2K=>A8< ?@54AB02;5=85 > :0:8E-;81> G0AB=KE M<?8@8G5A:8E 8AB8=0E. '0I5 2A53> >=8 ?>25@E=>AB=K, =5 ?@5B5=4CNB =0 AB0BCA 70:>=0 8 <>3CB 1KBL ;53:> >?@>25@3=CBK @07=K<8 A8BC0F8O<8. "5>@5B8G5A:85 65 8AB8=K O2;ONBAO ?>;=>9 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>ABLN M<?8@8G5A:8E. =8 70:;NG5=K 2 AB@>38E D>@<C;8@>2:0E 70:>=0, B> 5ABL 2K@060NB =5 A;CG09=CN 8 ?>25@E=>AB=CN, 0 3;C18==CN A2O7L 25I59.



B>@>5 :@C?=>5 =0?@02;5=85 2 ?>=8<0=88 8AB8=K A2O70=> A CG5=8O<8, :>B>@K5 >1KG=> =07K20NB >1J5:B82=K< 8450;87<><. 3> ACBL 2K@065=0 2 :>=F5?F88 4@52=53@5G5A:>3> D8;>A>D0 ;0B>=0. ;0B>= AG8B0;, GB> ACI5AB2C5B <8@ >1J5:B82=KE 8459 (M94>A>2), 0 =0H0 ?>2A54=52=0O 687=L  ;8HL 53> B5=L, =5?>;=>5 >B>1@065=85. 458 @0A>BK, !?@0254;82>AB8, N128 8 B. 4. A>AB02;ONB 8AB8==>5 1KB85. =8 5ABL 8AB8=0, O4@>, >1@075F 4;O 2A53> >AB0;L=>3>.



I5 >4=> =0?@02;5=85 2 ?>=8<0=88 8AB8=K  MB> B0: =07K205<K9 AC1J5:B82=K9 8450;87<.



@8B5@88.

KABC?0NI0O 2 :0G5AB25 :@8B5@8O 8AB8=K ?@0:B8:0 >1;0405B 2A5<8 =5>1E>48<K<8 4;O MB>3> A2>9AB20<8: >1@0I5==>9 : >1J5:BC 8 2KE>4OI59 70 ?@545;K AD5@K 7=0=89 45OB5;L=>ABLN; 2A5>1I=>ABLN, ?>A:>;L:C, ?@0:B8:0 =5 >3@0=8G5=0 45OB5;L=>ABLN 8=48284C0;L=>3> AC1J5:B0 ?>7=0=8O; =5>1E>48<>9 GC2AB25==>9 :>=:@5B=>ABLN. >@>G5 3>2>@O, ?@0:B8:0 ?@54?>;0305B ?5@5E>4 >B <KA;8 : 459AB28N, : <0B5@80;L=>9 459AB28B5;L=>AB8.



>38G5A:89 :@8B5@89 2A5340 A>?CBAB2C5B :@8B5@8N ?@0:B8:8 :0: =5>1E>48<>5 CA;>285 @50;870F88 ?>A;54=53>.  2A5 65 ;>38G5A:>5 4>:070B5;LAB2> 2KABC?05B ;8HL 2A?><>30B5;L=K< :@8B5@85< 8AB8=K, 2 8B>35 A0<> 8<5O ?@0:B8G5A:>5 ?@>8AE>645=85.



5;8: C45;L=K9 25A D>@<0;L=>-;>38G5A:>3> :@8B5@8O 8AB8=K (25@=55, B>G=>AB8 8 =5?@>B82>@5G82>AB8) 2 AD5@5 <0B5<0B8G5A:>3> 7=0=8O. > 8 745AL B>;L:> 2 >1;0AB8 DC=40<5=B0;L=>9, G8AB>9  <0B5<0B8:8 >= 2KABC?05B =5?>A@54AB25==K< :@8B5@85< 8AB8==>AB8 <0B5<0B8G5A:8E ?>AB@>5=89. 'B> 65 :0A05BAO ?@8:;04=>9 <0B5<0B8:8, B> 745AL ?@0:B8:0 O2;O5BAO 548=AB25==K< :@8B5@85< 8AB8==>AB8 <0B5<0B8G5A:8E <>45;59, 8E MDD5:B82=>AB8.



B=>A8B5;L=>ABL ?@0:B8:8 :0: :@8B5@8O 8AB8=K 70:;NG05BAO 2 B><, GB>, 1C4CG8 2A5340 8AB>@8G5A:8 >3@0=8G5==>9, >=0 =5 2 A>AB>O=88 4> :>=F0, ?>;=>ABLN 4>:070BL 8;8 >?@>25@3=CBL 2A5 =0H0 7=0=8O. @0:B8:0 A?>A>1=0 >ACI5AB28BL MB> B>;L:> 2 ?@>F5AA5 A2>53> 40;L=59H53> @0728B8O.



0 8AB8=C ?@8=8<0;8AL 701;C645=8O.

01;C645=85  MB> 7=0=85 AC1J5:B0, =5 A>>B25BAB2CNI55 @50;L=>AB8 >1J5:B0, => ?@8=8<05<>5 70 8AB8=C.

>6L, 2 >B;8G85 >B 701;C645=8O, O2;O5BAO A>7=0B5;L=K< 8A:065=85< >1@070 >1J5:B0 (?>7=0205<>9 A8BC0F88) 2 C3>4C :>=JN=:BC@=K< A>>1@065=8O< AC1J5:B0.

>@074> A;>6=55 >1AB>8B 45;> A A>F80;L=K< ?>7=0=85<, 345 :0B53>@8O 8AB8=K >1@5B05B D>@<C «?@024K».

@0240  MB> A>>B25BAB285 2KA:07K20=89 AC1J5:B0 53> <KA;O<,>A=>20=85 2708<=>3> 4>25@8O 2 ?@545;0E 480;>30, F5;5A>>1@07=>ABL :>B>@>3> AB028BAO ?>4 A><=5=85, :>340 <5AB> ?@024K 70=8<05B ;>6L.