! " #%$ &
')(+*-,/.-01(3254761*9818;: '):FE@GH.7IH2KJML;<N
OAHADP 4QL
R!SUTWVXSZY\[^]_Ya`bVdcKVfe^e_YagihNjlkUYa]^jbSbY)]^eWY)gm]^
z|{s} ~ s K s a _
<FIH(+GD6f '):FE@GH<.L;<N>7?7IJML AHC1L J 2+(32 8161GHID.Q, .AH701OADAHP1L1L6;2+ HGD(+:K >- ;L
.@ /¡ 6/2+ DGH(+:K *9¢£1.-01 1. GHE701GDIH01:s¤¦¢-.¨-61 1(+.¥@;¡D0;:s¤.-§1(+61GH8161 ; DGD6;G ,/GDI®2+01¨.; 7(+G©,/¢-.¨;§1-61."701¨GD«;ª"E¡D¬=8;G¥7(+ 1¤ 8161 ; DGD6;GDI;L W DGH61*- ¯) ./2+01§;D¢ ¦,;.©E@;.¢*©70;;¡3(32+(DGDI;°61. 6;*®£;§92;° § 2+6;2
2¨81.¨-.67(D6O³1°²s³IDG+¨.7(+6/¡3(²s³+´;>D°¨¨;81/2.¨-.67(+6 µ·¶U¸ ? A;>D° ¨2+4@2¢10"E@GH816;2+(D 1I+ ;.-01 1ª ¹U´D´;° 61.7G®E@(32+
>¿½À23, 2+¢01;2D§®G;¨. .>H70;/¢1-.¨76;KEW 1(+¨.@ 816;/¡D01:¨1 XLÁLDGH6;2 >
Â2+ D ; 1Ã;2¨:>H¥/')@ .¢-;E@§1(+61GH-.¨-61. 1(+.7 ;¡D01:s¤ 8161 1 HGD61GHI;L W ¢0;2ÄDG £;.701ÅK2¢IH2D011. 1.
2D4701 1(DGD¥@ /.7§1(+6; 1£1.-E7§ 23 ²U ;.-¨§1(+61G2+470; 1(+0;2+
²U ;.-§1(+61G©,/¨1£;.-E@§;0;22+
²U ;.-§1(+61G®E@(32+(+ ;£1.-E7§92+ ²U ;.-§1(+61GH010;23
w Æ j¾cNjUeWoWVÇw)y RÈpqe^jUrsYaÉ h Vfe^o_V=Ê oFp·É Vf]WoWSbVÀh
ÐdÑÒÐÓ ÔHÕ¾Öd×dÕ·ØÚÙ ÔH×dÙ+ÛUÙHվܷÝaÑ >DLÁ>DLÁ>¿')¨:=8161;E@(D1 .HGD61GHI;L º .76;.7£1.¨-81610¡ÚE@1 HGD61GHI;E7(+. 8;61 1ID.@,/.70"I5(32+ /LÀ>DL
>DLÁ>DLOßÞ/2DE-E_(DGD£101G®E@(+ fL ¢Þ0/2Ä/2HE7E@G¨(DGD£1.¢701-.¨£76®;¬=¨101G®E@(+GDª"ID21[0;. 1] 0;2.¢:àI®2+7; 1£1.7(HEá10;: ^GH(+01GD± .701 ¨;.*^0b81GD¨ ;46-1*9¬61¨.7±« 01GHE7(+.
xN
= h ; xN
>HLaJN¨2D4@21¢ ;0;2 E7GD816;GD(+¨16;*®¬W«1ID ¢0;2Ä.70;.£-1..ª-010;GD61. â¢0;2Ä0;2+£;.H6;2+0;01GD7011.ÚE7GD8161GH. ;.701 1 XL
OLaJN 1 IHE7.@¤"GHE@(32+.DLd816;;¡D01:s¤"811 DGH61GDIMEN; DGD6;GDI; 101ãÒ(©L.-ª101GHª ± § 23 /G; E@G©,/.-6®ä 2+« .7ª¦.-47G50;254¢©¨6H¨GH47G581GÚ±-6;2+01 ;Ã1¢0;2D.±§92+.701§23;1. ;:XL_åbâ¦816
>DLÁ>DL´ » *HE7(+ID 1(D.@ ;¡H01GHE7(+¡;L 01».*HE7(+ID-ª101GD4¨.-« -;(+.GS-01.E¢©¨¢@2+(+.;¡H01GHE7(+¡761M*9§.7;(+1 .2Ú8161@H01GD41 HGD6;2-G"8161 1 HGD6;2 GD8;61.Q,/.7 1 1.7(HEá 01 1ª"± §92+¢-.¨-;:6H¨GDªå)§"1.ID.7 ;n ãÒI1£1.§-012Ä.£1.©E@(+IH¨GÄä.F§9GD(+GH61GD4.-(NID:FE7(+*98;2+(+¡-G ¦£1
x °1IH:¢I®2+ID± .¨7ª¦.-«¥-.(+G¦E-01 1.D
S = nx ;
ÐdÑÁçÓ è·Ü¾Ô9é Õ·Ü·Ý è¾ê¾Ü¾ëdÖ ê¾Öd×¾Ñ W81 ;E-¢2+01*®£;.1701:s¤M8;61 1 DGH61GDIOâ9P1L8161 ;ID.Q, .701:=I5(Ä2D ;L
|
>¿½À23, 2+¢01;2D§®G;¨. .>H70;/¢1-.¨76;KEW 1(+¨.@ 816;/¡D01:¨1 XLÁLDGH6;2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Â2+ D ;O 1Ã;2ìW2+6/2+§1(+¨8;.-61.¨76.-(+6;2M²s³;E7(+O³ 1§1L 2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
º 61 1 DGH6X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<¨81.¨-.67(+6 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Å ¨G.76f |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
²s³O |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
»Þ')/2DE;E@(+;EQ¨21-EW(DGD;G. ,/.7£101G®E@(+;.70; 1ª"±f § 23 |
;:K |
|
²UA1Lí³HîiãïA1LADAH³Hå/.7§1(+6;G¨2+4-01 |
1(+0/23 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
º 61 9,/¢-.¨76;".701 X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
>©ADA ð;ñ |
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
º 61 9,/.7 "IH01*9(+61.- |
|
|
|
|
xm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0101.74-GÚE@GD8;61GD(+A1Lí³ |
< ;I+>K<;.- |
01 X |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
.70;2 ,/.7 |
;.701 1 X |
|
|
|
|
|
Rm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1LO3ò¨ |
|
A1LADPÚ¨ |
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xS |
= xm |
|
|
|
A;LAHAH³ |
<^óÄð/ñA1LA1> |
<^ó3ð;ñ |
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
» *HE@(DID 1(+.7 ;¡D0;GHE@(D¡; n |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S = x 1 |
= |
|
n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
<F HE7G+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S |
01G®E@(+¡/m OAHA ð;ñQó3<>-AHA |
ð/ñæó+< |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
;¬W(+0;2+ 81GH4761.-± x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x = xm |
|
|
|
A;LAHAD´ <A1LADAH³ |
< |
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Â2D + ; ;Ã;2Ú´1 ì^2+6;2D§1(+¨.7(+6/2Ú²s³D´1>HL.76;;E@(+ ;§1 "IDG+ /¡3( |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
º 61 1 DGH6X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ôaG+¨.;¡3(7(+6 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Å ¨G.76f |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
²s³D´1> |
|
||||||||
|
»Þ')/2DE;E@(+;EQ¨21-EW(DGD;G. ,/.7£101G®E@(+;.70; 1ª"±f § 23 |
;:K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
²UA1Lí³Hî|ãÒA1LADA®³Då;.7§;(+61G¨2D4701;(+0;23 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
º 61 9,/¢-.¨76;".701 X |
|
|
|
|
n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
>©³+A ð;ñ |
|
|||||||||||
|
º 61 9,/.7 "IH01*9(+61.- |
|
|
|
xm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0101.74-GÚE@GD8;61GD(+>HL³ô |
;I+´5ô;. |
-01õ L³ Xô |
>©³ ô |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
.70;2 ,/.7 ;.701 1 X |
|
|
|
Rm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
õ L³5¨ |
>©³Ú¨ |
|
´®õ L³5¨ |
õ+³Ú¨ |
|||||||||||||||
|
» *HE@(DID 1(+.7 |
|
|
|
xS |
|
= xm |
|
|
|
|
A;LA;>^ôFóÄð/ñA1LOôFóÄð;ñA;LA®³ |
ôFóÄð/ñA1LÁ> ôFó3 |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
;¡D0;GHE@(D¡; |
n |
|
n |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S = x |
1 |
= |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
<F HE7G+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
01G®E@(+¡/m >-ADA ð;ñQó3ô³DA ð;ñQó3ôOA+ð/ñàó+ô> |
-A ð;ñQó3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
;¬W(+0;2+ 81GH4761.-± |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x = xm |
|
|
|
|
A;LAHADC ôA1LA1>©³ ôA1LAD´HP |
ôA;LA9õ+³ ô |
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Â2D + ;ò 1Ã/2ìW2D6;2+§;(+¨.1761¨8 /E@(+2.¨.-(+6;2¦µ·¶U¸"?BA1>HL1§; |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
º 61 1 HGD6X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<¨81.¨76.7(+6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Å ¨G.-6X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
µ·¶U¸ ? A;> |
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
»Þ')/2HE7EW(+GD;E7(+;E@¨2;;G. ,/.@£10;GHE@(D;.-01 1ª"±X § |
2+ 2D4701;:K>HL³®îiãÒA;LA;>©³Hå;(+GD¥7 |
;.7§1(D61 1£1.©E@§ 2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
º 61 9,¢-.¨.-@61".701 1 X |
|
|
n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
³DA ð;ñ |
|
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
.70/2K,/.7 ;.70; X xm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O³+A¨< |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xS |
|
= xm |
|
|
³¨< óÄð;ñ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
» *HE7(+ID ;(+.@ ;¡H01GHE7(+¡;n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S = x |
= |
|
n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
<F ®E@GD |
|
|
8;GD476;S m .7± 0;GHE@(D¡;A1LOð;ñæó¨< |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
;¬_(+0/23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x = xm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
´1Löõ+³¨< |
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Â2+ D ; 1Ã;2¦³12+4@2¢10 E@GH816;2+(D 1I+ ;.-01 1ª ¹U´D´;L |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
º 61 ; DGD6f |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2D4@2¢10 E7GD816;2D(+ 1ID ;.701 ;ª |
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Þŧ¨/2HE7E^(+GHG.E7¨76X23 ;¡H¢0;2Ä1GD££101GHE7(+.1.70; 1. X6;2+¨.7(+6;2;HGD£1.-47G A1L8/2+6;2OîiãïA1LADA¹)´D´Oå |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
÷ 2+4H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rm |
|
|
|
HA1LÁ>D ¨H¨D 1L |
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O ½À23, ò2+01/W8161;. .Q, .@ ;.-01 ¨1..7(+G©,NE@GH816¨(DGDG£1GH(+01GH47G5¢©¨.7611I+.-01/.701"(+GD§ 21L´
ø Æ j¾cNjUeWoWVúù y R![^]WVdc VXh^Vfe^oWVûÊÀYa[W]WYUS)oW`bh^Vfe ]WVfe^oFüSbYarFj_Î
çqÑÒÐÔ ;é Õ¾Ö × fé·Ñ
JN 1 %8161GDIH.Q,/¨..-01(328161-01 ¨.-%0¥7§*HE7(Ä2D01GDIH§E@81/2HE@¡.-61. 612.7ä5µ·¶U¸"?BA1>¨.6;2+ HGD(+:K°bE7GDGD(DI
E@(DID*9¬¨8161« .101Ã; 181¨.;2+H°¢GH;¡D01GHªD6;2+ä .E᤮70;01GDª. 0;2 61 ;E+Lf>5ã Hå@L
çqÑÁç fÔHè¾Ù®ê·Ü KÙ®Õ ;é dÕ¾ØÚÙ Û)é/Õ¾Õ¾ØÚÙ Ñ ÅK2+ HGD6 ¨¥.7§-01(323E@81.-;¡H01:s¤Ú,61 2D0101:s¤M "ID:à£; ;EQ ;.-01 8161 1.@, ôa01*9(+61.-0101.7.NE7GD816;GD(+¨.¨-.7(+6/21R = 0:151ID¨L;.70; 1.K2
a
OLOLÁ>ôa:à£1 ;EQ /.701 XL
JN 1 0;23¤®GÄä , .701 "E@¨GH81:à(+61GD(D.KIHGHE@8;G+¢*D1I+¨.Eá ¦ID:à6;2+ä.-01 ;¡¨ I §.2+ä-01 1,. G
U
R = I Ra;
JN 1 !0;2+¤HGÄä ,/¢.0;2Ä-01£1.,;- E@6;;.§Q,/0123ä.,/GDªÈ,;-47GIDG®E@81GD¢*D¨.;Eá1010;:ID:à6/23ä;¡¨,;.-101 1. |
|
0;2Ä-E@§£9GH471.-01G X |
|
E@6;.Q,/01¨..7(+©2+611£;¢.hRi = P n Rn = |
1 (Ri1 + Ri2 + Ri3 + Ri4 ); |
|
|
n |
4 |
4á,/i GH8161. .@,/.@ ¢10;2Ä1.£-(1.0/2+-01 1ªM,;DGH6 1 , 2+010;GDªM,; ; 1010;:KL JN 1 §92+ä ,/GDªM,;¨8GD476;10;.01:¨7±.-(+G©,/G0;0/2+ª9,/¨ÞHE@(D¡GD6;0. .@ ;¡+, 21
R = Rmax Rmin ;
2
OLOLO ¼·,/.@ /¡D01GH. E7GD816;GD(+ 1ID ;.70; 1. 8161GDIHG©, 21L 01GH')£1.^*1(32+-¨¨,/.*ME7GD8161GH(+-.(+6,;¡D0;Gs8;GD81;2.-611ID.7£;.70110;GD47GNE7;¬ 8161GDIHG©,¨.0;2+ª9,7£1.¨-£1 .;E@2°D816;GD81GH61Ã1Ú8161GHIDG©,2 8;1GH0;2E@(D
0 = S Rl = S ;
4á,/¨.70;(+GDI/LS .âÚ8 ;GH«')GDGH(+ID23,/¡ 8;GD81.-(DE@(+IH.-61.7.7010;G;°H,/G+.£10;GD47G5E@ -£;ä50;G.70;1 X°9GHE@(32D¬H:à(+¡ÚE@816/2+ID« 2+ .
0 Rl = ;
²)(+G £1 ;E@ ;G 1I+ 1 1.-(DEá ¦¤®2D¨6;2+§;(+* ,/GD 1äÚ01G.761/E@(+G®E@(32+¢©¨.1§9GHª¦8161GHIDG©,7010;:¨®2+(+¡®EáD0;.Ú01 ¢2DID¨GHE7(+;E7¨.NGH(7(+G©,d2à8161GHID¨v.Q,-01(32.701LÄôN¥§-§2ÄE@81.©E@(+IH.£1 -¢61¡¨.¨.0/2Äb81GH4761¢.701.£1 -;±. 01G®E+
|
|
u |
1 |
N |
2 |
|
|
|
= u |
|
X |
|
; |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
t N i=1 |
|
|
||
! #"#$%"'&)( *,+- /. 0#1
2,35461 78 9$;:<4 9$;"#= )> /( ? : @,A "CBD( :!41P,1:! )Q#RDSUT9Q#1$, 9A# #E5:GF7 1V>XWUH #=#I)"#"J15K?D 9AYWDZ[R!\ dSUe,\,f)R!e/SUg9Q;h/Sih-"j3 A# 9k,*, # #"#=l*-4 9$;:!4 9$Y")= :5.#(#LmH 9+ ")n;PoL'p 7 1V>;Waw| !H =) <W^ZJR!\,e,T)1
O ½À23, ò2+01/W8161;. .Q, .@ ;.-01 ¨1..7(+G©,NE@GH816¨(DGDG£1GH(+01GH47G5¢©¨.7611I+.-01/.701"(+GD§ ò21L
|
Â2+ D ; 1Ã;25P1 ;¹·.-GHE7(Ä2D( ¹s'aº^? » ¼ ½ |
||||
|
º 61 ; DGD6f |
|
|
¹¾.7G®E@(32+( |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ŧ¨G.E7¨76X23 ;¡H¢0/2Ä1GD£.1.701 ;.^6/2+¨.7(+6;2;DGHR£1 |
|
.74¹a'aº^?>H>K-G ¨8/2+6;2» ¼ ½ |
||
|
º GH4761.-± 01G®E@¡; |
I |
|
õ < |
|
|
|
R |
|
OA9îiãÒA;LOå |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
¹b ;EDLf>D 1º 6; 101Ã1¨2*®E@(32+01GHIDGH§X°9816118; ;23 ¨;¡H0;23.-0 1¬ "Eá¤H«¢2Ä,¤®Eá.2D01ò I1 ³1L¤
} ~;r P $, 9 )*,k,=)} r P $, 9 #*,k,=
.)(#Lm ! /. 9 .#"#()LmL%Q#1! d/.1 9 #")L
Â2+ D ; 1Ã;2Mõ¢*©1ÅK2+;¡3(32DGH6M61+(DGDI .01.781G®E@61¢©¨.761.-01.@,1ªX°/81G+E@(DID¢.2Ä,70;01:s¤M*92D0ò£L1.1-0101:s¤MI
>j |
A1LÁ>>°¨°-¨ADA;LA®³< |
A1LÁ>D>°1ô |
UA1Lò |
|
|
A1LCDPHC° ¨ |
|
1 A1LADPD´ ° ¨ |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
R = |
I Ra |
°/¨ |
|
|
|
|
|
l |
I |
|
U |
|
|
hRi |
|
R = 2 (Rmax Rmin ) |
||
O |
|
|
>òA |
A1LÁ>ò |
|
A1LCH³+A |
|
|
|
|
|
´ |
|
|
>©CH³ |
A1LÁ>-C |
A1LCO´ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ò |
|
|
O+òA |
A1LO3ò |
|
A1LCH³+A |
|
|
|
|
|
³ |
A1LO |
|
>©AH³ |
A1LÁ>-P |
>DL´®õò |
|
|
>DLò®OHO |
|
A1LAD´DC |
|
P |
|
|
>ij+A |
A1LO3ò |
|
>DLò³+A |
|
|
|
|
|
õ |
|
|
>© DA A1L´DA |
|
>DLÁ>O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
|
|
O+òA |
A1L´DC |
|
>DLò´D´ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1L´ |
|
>©AH³ A1LO´ |
|
OLAòA |
|
|
OLAO |
|
A1LO> |
|
>©A |
|
|
>ij+A A1L´D´ |
|
OLAH³+A |
|
|
|
|
||
>H> |
|
|
>© DA A1Lò> |
|
OLADADC |
|
|
|
|
||
>O |
|
|
O+òA |
A1Lí³O |
|
OLA1>Äõ |
|
|
|
|
|
>©´ |
A1Lò |
|
>©AH³ A1LO |
|
OLP1>O |
|
|
OLP1>O |
|
A1LAD´O |
|
>ò |
|
|
>ij+A A1Lò®O |
|
OLPH³+A |
|
|
|
|
||
>ij |
|
|
>© DA A1Lí³O |
|
OLí³+C®õ |
|
|
|
|
||
>©P |
|
|
O+òA |
A1LPDP |
|
OLPDA |
|
|
|
|
|
>3õ |
A;Lò³ |
|
>©AH³ A1L´O |
|
OLCD DC |
|
OLO´ |
|
A1LAD´D |
||
>©C |
|
|
>ij+A A1LòP |
|
OL 1>Äõ |
|
|
|
|
||
>© |
|
|
>© DA A1Lí³+C |
OL DAD´ |
|
|
|
|
|||
OA |
|
|
O+òA |
A1Löõ+³ |
OL ®õ+³ |
|
|
|
|
||
´ ½À23, 2+01 ;. ³1 /W8161.Q,¨..7(+G©,@;¨.(DGD-01G£1.NE@GH8161GH(+¢©¨.761.101GH47G5-01 "0;2+816®1I+ /.³701 ä .701
ÂGH£101G®E@(+¡ 81G©,/GD H01:s¤ IH:à£1 ;EQ /.701 1ª 01.¦ID.7 ; 1§ 21°qG©, 81GD ;01 1(+¡ÚGHÃ1.70;§1*¦816;2DI3,/GH81G©,/GH¢*© ;¡3(32D(Ä2;L¨6;2HE@º 61£1.1IDD01G®E@(+-(+:.@,/IÚEQ.¦6;..Q,/*9¬_« .7ª"
l> |
|
l °¨ |
|
R °/¨ |
|
°/¨%¨ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
|
0:100 0:002 |
|
0:87 0:06 |
|
8:7 0:8 |
|
´ |
|
0:200 0:002 |
|
1:42 0:04 |
|
7:1 0:3 |
|
ò |
|
0:300 0:002 |
|
2:03 0:02 |
|
6:8 0:1 |
|
³ |
|
0:400 0:002 |
|
2:61 0:03 |
|
6:5 0:1 |
|
P |
|
0:450 0:002 |
|
2:92 0:04 |
|
6:5 0:1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7:1 0:4 |
|
OLOL´ X6;2 1§XL ÅK2"61O816;;EDL1ID.@,/.¢2+ID704¨-G®E@(+/E@6;2t 1§E@6;.Q,/01.-47G*9£;2HE@(+§E7GD8161GH(+2"GH(M,/1ID ;.;701101011 *9£;2DE7(+§ 21L1ÅK2 476/2¢2+0Mt 1§9;.101^0;2+4æ.-ª101:s¤M¤92+6;2D§1(+¢2+ID19,¨G®E@(+/E@01G581GD§XL 2.-6
JN 1 0;2+4æ 1 9, 01GHE7(+ ¨0/25476;22+; ;01.7ª10;GDª1§0/2+0161¨.L.©E@74-.6170/2.-E-E@816®1 "81G5(+
Æ j¾cNjUeWoWV Fy R![^]WVdc VXh^Vfe^oWVûÊÀYa[W]WYUS)oW`bh^Vfe^ ]WVfe^oFüxeVqeWojb[^]aüü5Îl
·ÑÒÐ Ô ;é Õ¾Ö × fé·Ñ
JN 1 %8161GDIH.Q,/¨..-01(328161-01 ¨.-%0¥7§*HE7(Ä2D01GDIH§E@81/2HE@¡.-61. 612.7ä5µ·¶U¸"?BA1>¨.6;2+ HGD(+:K°bE7GDGD(DI E@(DID*9¬¨8161« .101Ã; 181¨.;2+H°¢GH;¡D01GHªD6;2+ä .E᤮70;01GDª. 0;2 61 ;E+Lf>5ãa/åQL
·ÑÁç fÔHè¾Ù®ê·Ü KÙ®Õ ;é dÕ¾ØÚÙ Û)é/Õ¾Õ¾ØÚÙ Ñ ÅK2+ HGD6 ¨¥.7§-01(323E@81.-;¡H01:s¤Ú,61 2D0101:s¤M "ID:à£; ;EQ ;.-01 8161 1IH.
= 5 103 ¨L
ôa01*9(+61.-0101.7.NE7GD816;GD(+¨.¨-.7(+6/21Rv : 1ID ;.70; 1.K2
´ ½À23, 2+01 ;. ³1 /W8161.Q,¨..7(+G©,@;¨.(DGD-01G£1.NE@GH8161GH(+¢©¨.761.101GH47G5-01 "0;2+816®1I+ /.P701 ä .701
¹b O;EDLX6/2¢t2+IH¨1§GHE@(D;E@ E@6;.Q,/01.-47G^E@GD8;61GD(+ ;I+ ;.-01 *9£;2HE@( § 2 ,;¢2Ä,d2+011 òL
º 61¨.-£;2+0; 1.D +JN 1 ¦0;2+4æ ; 9,/01GHE7(+¨235 ; Ú;0;2K41.7ª10-6;GDª¦612¢t2Ä,;§Ú0;2+012D0101:.¨-4761.©E7E7.©E@.1- (+GH¨£1§ãÒ81*901§1(+2 ;610;23 " ; ;01 /åQL
´ ½À23, 2+01 ;. ³1 /W8161.Q,¨..7(+G©,@;¨.(DGD-01G£1.NE@GH8161GH(+¢©¨.761.101GH47G5-01 "0;2+816®1I+ /.õ701 ä .701 Â2D + ; ;Ã;2 C;¢*© ®ÅK2D;¡3(32+(DGDIK01DGD6561. .-¢©¨81GHE761. .-01.Q,1ªX°981GDE7(+ID.-0101:s¤Ú;*9¨ 2Ä,d2+¢.701£1 01;:s¤1 fLI (+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R = |
I |
1 |
|
1 °/¨ |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
j |
|
|
lA;L>°¨ |
|
I °>¨<A®³UA1LA®õ°;ô |
|
|
|
Rv |
|
|
hRi°d¨ |
R = |
2 |
(Rmax Rmin ) |
° ¨ |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
U |
|
|||||||||||||
> |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
A1LPDP9õ |
|
A1LPDPHC |
|
|
A1LO+ò |
|||
O |
|
|
|
|
>òA |
A;L> |
|
-´ |
|
A1Löõ9>ò |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
´ |
|
|
|
|
>-C®³ A1LÁ> |
|
|
A1Löõ3AH´ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
ò |
|
|
|
|
O3òA |
A1LÁ> |
|
-P |
A1LPDP9õ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
³ |
|
|
A;LO |
|
>-A®³ A1LÁ>ò |
|
|
|
|
>DL´D´ò |
|
|
>DL´1>© |
|
|
A1LO> |
|
||
P |
|
|
|
|
>©³DA A;LO |
|
|
|
|
>DL´D´ò |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
õ |
|
|
|
|
>- HA A1LO³ |
|
|
|
|
>DL´1>©P |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
C |
|
|
|
|
O3òA |
A1L´1> |
|
|
|
|
>DLO O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A;L´ |
|
>-A®³ A;LO |
|
|
|
|
>DLDAHP |
|
>DLCDC9õ |
|
|
A1LA1>© |
|
|||
>-A |
|
|
|
>©³DA A1LOC |
|
|
|
|
>DLCDPHC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
>D> |
|
|
|
>- HA A1L´DP |
|
|
|
|
>DLCD HP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
>O |
|
|
|
O3òA |
A1Lò³ |
|
|
|
|
>DLC®õ+P |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
>-´ |
A;Lò |
|
>-A®³A1Lí³ |
|
>ij |
|
òL 1>ò |
|
|
OL D ;> |
|
>DL´H³1> |
|
||||||
>ò |
|
|
|
|
>©³DA A1L´H³ |
|
|
|
|
OL´D´HP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
>©³ |
|
|
|
>- HA A1Lò®O |
|
|
|
|
OLO>O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
>-P |
|
|
|
O3òA |
A;LP |
|
|
|
|
OLí³+AH´ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
>Äõ |
A1Lò³ |
|
>-A®³ A1LO |
|
|
|
|
OLöõ3P®³ |
|
OLöõOP |
|
A1LAD HP |
|
||||||
>-C |
|
|
|
>©³DA A1L´D |
|
|
|
OLPDAH´ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
>- |
|
|
|
>- HA A1Lí³O |
|
|
|
OLöõòA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
OA |
|
|
|
O3òA |
A1LP®õ |
|
|
|
OLöõ3 ®³ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
´1LO Á>ôa:à£1 ;EQ /.701 XL
JN 1 0;23¤®GÄä , .701 "E@¨GH81:à(+61GD(.KIHGHE@8;G+¢D *D1I+¨.Eá ¦ID:à6;2+ä.-01 ;¡¨ I §.2+ä-01 1,. G
R = |
U |
|
|
= |
|
1 |
; |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
I |
U |
|
I |
Rv 1 |
|||
|
Rv |
|
U |
|
|||
JN 1 !0;2+¤HGÄä ,/¢.0;2Ä-01£1.,;- E@6;;.§Q,/0123ä.,/GDªÈ,;-47GIDG®E@81GD¢*D¨.;Eá1010;:ID:à6/23ä;¡¨,;.-101 1.
E@6;.Q,/01¨..7(+©2+611£;¢.0;2Ä-E@§9GH47G.£1 -01 X
hRi = |
Pn Rn |
= |
1 |
(Ri1 + Ri2 + Ri3 + Ri4 ); |
|
4 |
|||||
|
n |
|
|
4á,/i GH8161. .@,/.@ ¢10;2Ä1.£-(1.0/2+-01 1ªM,;DGH6 1 , 2+010;GDªM,; ; 1010;:KL JN 1 §92+ä ,/GDªM,;¨8GD476;10;.01:¨7±.-(+G©,/G0;0/2+ª9,/¨ÞHE@(D¡GD6;0. .@ ;¡+, 21
R = Rmax Rmin ;
2
´1LOO ¼·,/.@ /¡D01GH. E7GD816;GD(+ 1ID ;.70; 1. 8161GDIHG©, 21L 01')£ò1¬L1º1 1(32+¨61.-¨(+6M8;GD815,/1IH6;2HE@.Q,/;2£.1..-(+:-61.7IÚE@£10;GD47G;.Q,/*9¬W«E@¨.-0;2+ª£1..701¨7ª"(32+£,/; 1.;EQ¦8161GDIH2D0;23;GD; 1Ã1;G¢.23,H47©,H2K81G®E@(+G23?1£;01G
ò ½À2D§ ;¬_£;.701 1.HL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
l> |
|
l °¨ |
|
R °/¨ |
|
°/¨%¨ |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
|
0:100 0:002 |
|
0:69 |
0:02 |
|
6:9 |
0:4 |
|
|
´ |
|
0:200 0:002 |
|
1:32 |
0:02 |
|
6:6 |
0:2 |
|
|
ò |
|
0:300 0:002 |
|
1:89 |
0:02 |
|
6:3 |
0:1 |
|
|
³ |
|
0:400 0:002 |
|
3 |
1 |
|
7 |
3 |
|
|
P |
|
0:450 0:002 |
|
2:7 |
0:1 |
|
6:1 |
0:3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6:7 1:4 |
|
||
´1LO X6;2 1§XL ÅK2"61 ;EDLq´"816;¢2+ID1ID.¨@,/G®E@(+/E@.70 4-E@6;6;2t.Q,/011§.-47G*9£;2HE@(+§E7GD8161GH(+2"GH(M,/1ID ;.;701101011 *9£;2DE7(+§ 21L
JN 1 0;2+4æ 1 9, 01GHE7(+ ¨0/25476;22+; ;01.7ª10;GDª1§0/2+0161¨.L.©E@74-.6170/2.-E-E@816®1 "81G5(+ ÅK25476/2t 1§9.KID ,/01G;°;¢*© ;¡3(32D(Ä25*£¨.1(+GM(DGD-01¡D± 2+.7(HEá£101G®E@(+¡Ú6;816¢ GD81GH62Ä.£;.701Ã1¬1GH0;23,;; 10 01:K°b§9GH(+6;23 %8161GH81GD61Ã; 1GD0;2+ ;¡D0/2 E@GH8161GH(+¢6;2DE7(Ä2D011I+ /.7011 1¬¢©¨.761.-0101GD4¢0/2Ä£1-.G701 1 .747G 81GD4¢6/2DE@(32D(+¡;LfôÇE7I+-61.7± 01GHE7(+¡",/¢EM¨¥7(+GD4-1äÚ0;21£101.-IHG.M H:sD:ú ;E@8;G+¢GDI®2+(+¡¢0;2Ä£;.701 1."01. 2D HE7G+ ;¬W(+01GDªÍ81¨.-(+G©,/G¨ÞGD6104-61.7±.@ 01GHE7(+, 2;°l2X GD(D01GHE7 1(+.@ /¡D01GHª 81GH4761.-± 01G®E@(+ fL
ù Æ jUrFh8ÈT_VqeWoWV)Î ô , 2+010;GDª¢*9£6;23+ /HGD(+;E@¡à¢©¨.l.¥7617 .;(+7§1(D61GD.@;¡H01:à¢2Ä,d2+01.b816; 11¢IDG©,/DGH61:KL5>b8;61GD¢1 -ô2+?GHE7¡)G
§9G¨ ;.-01 1._¢EF*D¨.:;E@81GD¨Ú8161;¡¨1XL9HGD6;2W81 ¢/E72+0;*9£1.70;01:s¤ 8;61 1 DGH61GDIK8;61Oâ9P;L 1ID ô £;.7(+IH¨58.761(+G¨1(DG23,¢ 2+01 ¢1IHG©,/¤ 8161GH¢-.¨;G®E@¡76;.701 1._¥@ ;.-§1(+61 1£;.-E@§9GH47GKE IDG©,d2,d2+0101G¨ EQ ;*9£;2D.¦8161GHIDG©,¨8;GD01¨.1I+*®E@(32+01GHID§1-01(+G; 1.7(DEá §9G µ·¶U¸¨,; ;?ͳA;>©åQL·º E@.-61 1ª ¨.¥-7§01(32E@81.°®ID:à81GD-61¨GD47G. §92+ä¨;0¢, 1,/:ID*®¤¦E@81G®E@GD. HGDIK H:s ; ¦81GD ;*9£1 ¢*© ;¡3(32D(+:K
j |
|
l °¨ |
|
.-(+G©,R °d(+GD¨¢©¨.761.£;01GD4-01-G X |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O> |
|
0:100 0:002 °l = 0:02 |
|
0:87ÂGD§0:06¢2°"ãÄ,R =2D01òå:07 |
1.ÅK2+816®0:69 0:02 °¢R23,ä= .:-032+0101 |
;.ãK³Hå |
|
´ |
|
0:200 0:002 °l = 0:01 |
|
1:42 0:04 °R = 0:03 |
1:32 |
0:02 °R = 0:02 |
|
ò |
|
0:300 0:002 °l = 0:007 |
|
2:03 0:02 °R = 0:01 |
1:89 |
0:02 °R = 0:01 |
|
³ |
|
0:400 0:002 °l = 0:005 |
|
2:61 0:03 °R = 0:01 |
3 1 ° R = 0:3 |
|
|
|
|
0:450 0:002 °l = 0:004 |
|
2:92 0:04 °R = 0:01 |
2:7 |
0:1 °R = 0:04 |
|
|
t |
IDE@GH8161GH(+º.G-(DE@(DID8;611IDR¨.,GD(M,;70;01G;LÀÅK.1I+@,/2D0101:¨./.70;01:ò701H¢;l2Ä,Ls610;01:;X6;22D01476;281G®E@(+61GH¢1¬GD(+GD£;1§1.H6;23ä7(©1§9; ..1IHG.701:Z4§701:OIH´M,;0/2M61-9,/6;2ò.-¢0;³2DID¢23,¢/E+L;§12DID;¨GHE7(+;E710;2+0;X°·GD¨GHE7;E7.7ª101:àª(+XLÀÅK26;2+äE@GHGD(3¤922D¬ |
|
|
|
476/2t ¢2Ä,1§9.2D01§ 1¬ ³ ¢2+ID;10;¨G®E@(+/E@.7ª101G®E@(+¡8161G®EQ¨.-;01¡D±.7ä5 ;IH2+.DL.-(DEá |
|
J GD8;G+ ;01 ;(+.@ ;¡H01G^,;¢E781GHE7GD1 Ú§HGDI^23ä D:s,/GH47G;GKIH:à£1 ;EQ /.701GK£1 /EQ ;G/ |
|
|
) 8 |
¨* E7GD8161GH(+ 1ID ;.701 ;¬%8;61GDIHG©,¨§9GD¥ ¨1Ã18161GD8;2 1ãïE).-01(+G©,D61Ã10;2+§9GHID:GD0;2+;¡D01G®E@(+ |
|
I ¥-§9E781¨.70;(Ä2+¤.76;.¢GDIH2+/E@81GD/Eá;¡ G©, 10 8161GHIDG©,q°X(DG£1 ;E7.@GD(+0;GD±,/GD 1äÚ01G.-01 1.¦H |
|
+ ¢§9G5§/ |
.@,/ 101 ;Ã1.D P = 1 1; |
|
2 |
JN01G®E@(+1 , 2D0101:s¤XL¨.-01(32P ¥=-§:9 E@810:3 °.P-61= 0.:3 °+£1(+G 6;2+IH01GK.Q,/,/G;0181Ã1GD4.-61EF(+GD.7± ?£1