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9. Divide into two groups and analyze Chart 1 and Chart 2. Make a report about one of the charts. Describe as much point as possible, compare the data and make your conclusions. Use Application 1.

Chart 1

Chart 2

UNIT 2

MODERN MEANS OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Match the words and their definitions:

Locating

the act or process of making a map

Advanced

a marked, direct effect or influence

Emit

pieces of rock displaced by the drilling of the well

Saturation

the well drilled to know if there is any oil-bearing formation or not

Mapping

the degree or extent to which sth is dissolved or absorbed compared with the maximum possible, usually expressed as a percentage

Impact

produce and discharge sth (especially gas or radiation)

Exploratory well

to hollow out or form by removing earth

Digging

discovering the exact place or position of sth

Cuttings

far on or ahead in development or progress

Logging

the state of being thick, sticky, and semi-fluid in consistency, due to internal friction

Viscosity

making a note or record of sth

2. Fill in the gaps using the words and expressions above:

a. An _________________ is drilled for the purpose of discovering new reserves in unproven areas.

b. Formation evaluation is an operation in which a _____________ tool is lowered into a borehole and then retrieved from the hole while recording measurements.

c. Natural leaks __________ oil into the Gulf of Mexico.

d. The mud __________ is another important property, as cuttings will settle to the bottom of the well if the ___________ is too low.

e. Mud suspends drill ______________, weight materials and additives under a wide range of conditions.

f. The company specializes in the application and development of _____________ technologies for exploration and development of oil and natural gas.

g. Fluid _____________ is the amount of the pore volume of a reservoir rock that is filled by water, oil, or gas and measured in routine core analysis.

h. In the modern age, ____________ of oil fields with proven oil reserves is a key underlying factor in many geopolitical conflicts. An environmental ___________ or effect is an assessment of the possible positive or negative __________ that a proposed project may have on the environment.

i. ______________ the territory was a complicated thing because of the lack of equipment.

j. After ___________ deep to kill well in the Gulf of Mexico, BP faced the new problems.

3. Discuss the following questions:

Which means of oil and gas exploration do you know?

Which are the oldest and vice versa?

How can you predict whether the formation has oil or not?

Which tools are used in the exploration and development?