Урология - Tumors
.pdfRenal tumor occupation all operative fielf and covering vena cava inferior
Renal tumor
Prognosis
Depends on stage and differentiation of the tumor. The worst reasults are at patient with affected vein cava inferior.
Other methods of treatment
X-Ray: in case of inoperable tumors, metastatic invasion of bone with pain.
Immunotherapy (α interpherone, interleykine – 2, BCG)
Chemotherapy (low-effective)
Hormone therapy
Timors of vesical
bladder
Aethoilogy
Chemical theory: aromatic amines (orthaminephenoles, scatole, indole)
Unfravesical obstruction.
Smoking
Ionizing irradiation
Drugs (phosphamide, analgetics)
Scistosomiasis
Risk groups – people who work at plants produsing aluminium, at printing-office, production of paints, rosin
TXPrimary tumour cannot be assessed\
T0No evidence of primary tumour
Tis Carcinoma in situ (i.e., flat tumour)
Ta Noninvasive papillary carcinoma
T1 Tumour invading subepithelial connective tissue
T2Tumour invading bladder muscle
T2a Tumour invading superficial muscle (inner half)
T2bTumour invading deep muscle (outer half)
T3 Tumour invading perivesical fat tissue
T3a Microscopically
T3b Macroscopically (extravesical mass)
T4Tumour invading neighbouring organs
T4aTumour invading the prostate, uterus, vagina
T4b Tumour invadin the pelvic wall, abdominal wall