Нейрохирургическая анатомия том1
.PDF( )( . 11, 12, 13).
)A ) (canalis condylaris) " "
$. " $ (v.
emissaria condylaris), $ B
.
$ # , " - $ " ( . 3, 12, 32). 4
8 (5-25) , 3 (1-6) .
# $ , ! ,
!K &) ) (canalis hypoglossi), $
# $.
% (plexus venosus canalis hypoglossi),! ,
( . 12, 13). 1
8-9 , – 4-4,5 . $ * ,
, # !
45º.
J ) (canalis jugularis) " " #( . 12, 14, 15).
(foramen jugulare internus)
* (foramen jugulare externus)
" ( . 12, 14, 37). )
(processus intrajugular ) , " % ! "
: H ( # ) #,
! ; ! H ( # ) #,
"$ , ( H
( ) #, " IX, X &I ( ,
! " , ) . J ! # # ! ! : IX ,
X XI . IX X XI % !$ 1-2 . 7 # < #
12
! ! ( ) , $ #$ ! #< , –
# .! " , –
! ( . 12, 14).
(porus acusticus internus) "
, #
% B ! (meatus acusticus internus).
5 # , #
# ( . 12, 14).VII VIII ( , -
) , ; 4-5 ,
- 11–12 . ,
) ' (crista transversa) ( . 16, 17).
# (area nervi
facialis), $ (canalis facialis), # "
!! (area vestibularis superior),$ - - (n. utriculoampullaris) ) < , # "
! . "
" (area cochleae), "$
( ) (n. cochlearis).
* !! (area vestibularis inferior)- (n. saccularis) !(foramen singulare), "$ (n. ampullaris posterior) " ! ( . 17).
!! (fossa subarcuata) < 5"
. " " ( . 14, 16).
* ! ! !! ( (apertura externa aqueductus vestibuli)
10 , # . 4
13
8,5 (2-24). $ (ductus
endolymphaticus), B ) % ) , %
< " ) % < ( . 14, 16).
' (saccus endolymphaticus)
, " " B
! . 4 # 2
18 , < – 5 12 . 40% <
( . 13, 18).
4
80-82 , < "– 108-112 , ! – 25-30 .
. 9
, " – " .
1.2. * (basis cranii externa)
" $ ,: , # , ! ( .
19).
1.2.1. 4 (norma facialis)
" # .
& (orbita) % . F
, , < : ,
" , # # . 1 < ,# # . ) <
# , 7-10( . 20, 21).
" & )
(margo orbitalis), ! & ) (margo supraorbitalis), ! & ) (margo infraorbitalis), ( )
(margo lateralis) ! ( ) (margo medialis).
14
" # #
! & , ) & (foramen supraorbitale s. incisura supraorbitalis). H # ,
( . 11, 20, 21).
, < , ! #
! . 9 ! . 4 ,
! # # , 49-57
. # & * &)
(fossa glandulae lacrimalis), ! 4-5 ( . 20).
4 ( ! !
, - # ! #<
. 5 # 35-43°. &
(foramen zygomaticoorbitale), (n. zygomaticus) – # ( . 20). * ,
$ , 2 : ( .
zygomaticofacialis)" # , ( . zygomaticotemporalis).
# & A ( (fissura orbitalis superior),. $#,$ ! : !$ " # # # -# ( # # ), , -
; " # # ! ! ; " # # #
# , " # –, " – $ , – " #
# ( . 21, 22, 23).
* !, < - !
15
. M
. " , " $,
! & ' &! (sulcus infraorbitalis), $
( . 20, 21). ! & ) (canalis infraorbitalis)
! & )
(foramen infraorbitale), " ! # ( . 21)." . . 4
5-30 .
" # " " *
& A ( (fissura orbitalis inferior), $
! ( . 20, 21). N # ! #<
! . " $#
< " . ( #<
# $ # #
. 7 " $#
, , !, $ .
! ( ! !
, |
# , |
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# |
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& |
C (fossa |
sacci |
lacrimalis), |
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! |
& ) (canalis nasolacrimalis). 1
& ! |
& ) |
' ( |
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! & ) |
' ( |
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! |
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( . 11, |
20). |
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16-17 , |
– 8-9 . 1 |
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" < , " # |
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! # . |
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& ) (canalis nasolacrimalis) ! |
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! |
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" |
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. 15-16 |
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" ( . 46). |
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# |
! |
& ! C ) (foramen ethmoidale anterius et posterius).
< # 20
16
, – 30 ( . 20, 24). 9 ".
+ (n. ethmoidalis posterior)
( . ethmoidalis posterior) <
< ( . 23).
#
" ( ) & ( (canalis opticus) ( . 20,
24). ! ! < , ! " # # .
(fovea trochlearis) # , 1-5 ( . 20).
$ ! " ! .
K ( " !- !- < )
37-41 ; " ! $
" – 32-36 .
1.2.2. 4 ( (norma lateralis)
5 #. # , -! , –
" , " .
(fossa temporalis) !" < . 1 ! " < - " (< ). ! ! , # – < !# ! #< . "
! , ! # - (foramen temporalis) ( . 33). M
" . (foramen zygomaticotemporale),( . 26).
17
< ! ! , $
< . #
. & " .
! (fossa infratemporalis) "
# " , # - , –
! #< |
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, – |
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# . 7 # |
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!$ |
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( . 25). |
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# |
" |
$, " 2-3
! #< ( ) (foramina alveolaria)
. " #
-!- $. 1
. 1 "
,
, , !
, ( ) , "$ #
, # " , ,$ . 4 42-64 , < – 34-46 , - 24-40 .
) !-' (fossa pterygopalatina)
# . 9 !$
) !-H A (fissura pterygomaxillaris) ( . 25). M $# % , " # . 7 $# -!. # -
! ! ! ,- ( . 26, 27, 28). 1
! , - # ! #<. -!
' (C ' ) (canalis palatinus major) 11-13 ,$ ! ' (C ) ' )
(foramen palatinum majus et foramina palatina minora),
18
( . 26).
-! !$ * HH & H A ( , # - !-'
(foramen sphenopalatinum) # .
-! (foramen rotundum),
,$ ! $ . "
# ) ! ) (canalis pterigoydeus), $ 15-18 ( .
26, 27, 28). " (n. canalis pterigoydeus),
$ ! $
( ) (n. petrosus major)
( ) (n. petrosus profundus) ( . 26).
-! " " , !
, ,
, $ .
/ (ganglion pterygopalatinum) " " 5; 2 4 .
! #<. !
:
# !-' (foramen sphenopalatinum), # ! ;– '-A ) (canalis palatovaginalis); < – # # *
& A; ! - ' (C '
.
* HH & H A ( !
" ( . 26, 28). |
|
0 ( . maxillaris) ! |
|
( . 26). / - (a. sphenopalatina) # ,. "
19
(a. palatina descendens) ! #< ! , # ! #< ! . (a. infraorbitalis)
. ( . canalis pterigoideus)
! , ! !
,.
1 -! : 17
, 13-14 , # 15 , < 5-6 , ( ) 8-10 .
H # ", " .
* H (fossa mandibularis), ( . 25, 29,
30). O # % , "
. '
(tuberculum articulare) ,
(processus zygomaticus), - ' '-C A ( (fissura tympanosquamosa). M $# $ " # ) < ! !-' ' H -C H A (fissura petrotympanica et petrosquamosa) ( . 25, 29). -! !
(& ) $# ! ! #,, ( # )
.
* ) ! (meatus acusticus externus)" . 9 ! ! ! #
, % ( . 25, 29, 30)." ,
# ' '-! A (H (fissura tympanomastoidea),! ! (
(canaliculus mastoideus), $ ! " . 9 ! ! " ' ' ' &! (sulcus tympanicus), ! ! .
20
( - ' (C ) ' ' ) (spina tympanica major et minor). " "<
' ' ) & (incisura tympanica), $
!' ' ) (recessus epitympanicus).
" " " ! !! A C ! (vagina processus styloidei), # .
F "
! ! ( (spina suprameatum),
$ < .
# "
( . 25, 30).
-! ) (processus mastoideus)
" ( . 30, 31) 1
! ! ) ' (crista supramastoidea), $ ", - ! ! ) & (incisura mastoidea), . # ! . , ! - < , !(foramen mastoideum), $ (v. emissaria m stoidea)
( ) ( . 31, 32).
# $ - ( L (Chi ault) –! H A (antrum mastoideum). J #" # , -
! , - ! (crista mastoidea),$ < ( . 30).
1.2.3. / ) (norma occipitalis)
" "
# < # .
< * )
21