сборник задач по химии нефти и газа
.pdf1.7 ɉɪɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɟɤɢɧɝɟ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɨ- ɞɭɤɬɵ:
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Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, % |
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Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ, |
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ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ |
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Ƚɚɡ |
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11,2 |
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32 |
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Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ |
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32,7 |
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105 |
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Ʌɟɝɤɢɣ ɝɚɡɨɣɥɶ |
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36,9 |
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218 |
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Ɍɹɠɟɥɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɣɥɶ |
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19,2 |
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370 |
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. |
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1.8 Ⱦɚɧɚ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɫɚɦɨɬɥɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ, |
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ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ: |
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Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ, |
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Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, |
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ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ |
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% |
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Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ 105-120°ɋ |
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103 |
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30 |
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Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ 120-140°ɋ |
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112 |
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70 |
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ɇɚɣɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ |
ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ. |
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1.9 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɨɧɚ, |
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ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ: |
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Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ |
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Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ 420-436°ɋ |
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0,45 |
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Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ 436-454°ɋ |
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0,30 |
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Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ 454-470°ɋ |
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0,25 |
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1.10 ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ: |
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Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫ- |
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ |
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Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ |
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ɫɚ, ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ |
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ɤɝ/ɦ3 |
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Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ 180-210°ɋ |
168 |
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806 |
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0,34 |
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Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ 210-230°ɋ |
182 |
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833 |
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0,66 |
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
1.2 ɉɅɈɌɇɈɋɌɖ. ɆɈɅəɊɇȺə ɆȺɋɋȺ
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠ- ɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬ- ɜɚ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɋɂ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɤɢɥɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦ ɧɚ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɪ (ɤɝ/ɦ3) ɢ ɞɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ. ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɷɬɨ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨ-
ɛɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ tt2 , ɝɞɟ t1 ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ, °ɋ (Ʉ), t2
1
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, °ɋ( Ʉ). ȼ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɋɨɸɡɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ: ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ 4°ɋ, ɞɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ 20°ɋ ( 420 ). ȼ
ɋɒ , ɧɝɥɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ |
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ |
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ 15,6°ɋ ( |
1515 ). |
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɣ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɥɢɧɟɣ- ɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ Ⱦ.ɂ.Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɚ.
t 20 D(t 20),
44
ɝɞɟ 4t ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ t; 420 ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ |
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ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ 20°ɋ; D |
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢ- |
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɝɪɚɞɭɫ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɥ.1 Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ Ⱦ.ɂ.Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɚ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɡɤɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪ-
ɜɚɥɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 50°ɋ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɝɥɟ- ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ. ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ (ɪɢɫ.1.1) ɢ ɧɨɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦ (ɩɪɢɥ.2 ɢ 3). ɍɤɚ- ɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɚɸɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨ 1,5 Ɇɉɚ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1.1 – Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɞ-
ɤɢɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1.4 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ 100°ɋ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɟ 420 0,811.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ȼɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1.1), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬ- ɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ. ɇɚ ɨɫɢ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ ɨɬɥɨɠɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ 0,811. ɂɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ Ⱥ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ- ɥɶɸ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 20°ɋ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ (ɬɨɱɤɚ ȼ). ɂɡ ɬɨɱɤɢ ȼ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɣ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɸ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɫɤɨɦɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (ɬɨɱɤɚ ɋ). Ɉɩɭɫ- ɬɢɜ ɢɡ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɋ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪ ɧɚ ɨɫɶ ɚɛɫɰɢɫɫ (ɬɨɱɤɚ D), ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
120 |
0,755. |
4 |
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ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɧɟɮ-
ɬɟɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ |
1515 . ɉɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɟɟ |
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ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: |
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20 |
15 |
5D. |
(1.2) |
4 |
15 |
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ- ɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ:
ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɫɚɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
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ɫɦ |
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ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɥɹɦ
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ɫɦ |
6(xi |
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ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɦ ɞɨɥɹɦ |
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ɫɦ |
6xVi i . |
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ ɜ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɹɯ, ɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢ- |
ɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ. ȼ ɋɂ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ Ɇ ɫ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ ɋɂ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɧɚ ɦɨɥɶ (ɤɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) ɢ ɞɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨ- ɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɧɚ ɦɨɥɶ (ɤɢ- ɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɧɚ ɤɢɥɨɦɨɥɶ), ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ. ȼ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɧɚ ɤɢɥɨɦɨɥɶ (ɤɝ/ɤɦɨɥɶ).
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ, ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ "ɦɨ- ɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ" ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɹɦ.
ɋ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ. ɗɬɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ Ȼ.Ɇ.ȼɨɢɧɨɜɚ [2, 3] ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ Ɇ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɡɤɢɯ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɨɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
M 60 0,3tɫɪ.ɦ 0,001tɫ2ɪ.ɦ
ɢɥɢ
M52,63 0,246Ɍɫɪ.ɦ 0,001Ɍɫ2ɪ.ɦ .
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɚɟɬ ɷɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸ- ɳɟɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ Ʉ:
M (7K 215,) (0,76 0,04)tɫɪ.ɦ (0,0003K 0,00245)tɫ2ɪ.ɦ
ɢɥɢ
M (40,28K 4116,) (2,0977 0,208K)Tɫɪ.ɦ (0,0003K 0,00245)Tɫ2ɪ.ɦ (1.3)
ɉɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1.3) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ, ɜɵ- ɤɢɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨ 350°ɋ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɨɣ 5%.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1.5 ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɮɨɪɦɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɫɢ-
ɥɨɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɡɤɚɹ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ 120-140°ɋ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ 420 |
0,7513. ɂɡ- |
ɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ (ɜ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɹɯ) ɜ ɫɵɪɶɟ 5-ɝɪɚɞɭɫɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ: |
120-125°ɋ |
0,20; 125-130°ɋ 0,24; 130-135°ɋ 0,30; 135-140°ɋ 0,26.
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɵɪɶɹ.
Ɋ ɟ ɲ ɟ ɧɢɟ . ȼɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ
5-ɝɪɚɞɭɫɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ: |
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127,5qC; |
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132,5qC; |
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120 |
125 |
122,5qC; |
120 |
130 |
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t4 |
137,5q C. |
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ɇɚɣɞɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɹ: |
10,6qC. |
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tɫɪ.ɦ |
6xi/ti |
0,20 |
122,5 |
0,24 127,5 |
0,30 |
132,5 |
0,26 137,5 |
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ɉɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ |
420 |
ɧɚ 1515 |
(ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ 1.2): |
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1515 |
0,7513 |
5 0,000831 0,7554. |
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ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ (1.1), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ: |
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K |
1216,3 |
130,6 |
273 |
119,. |
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0,7554 |
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Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1.3): |
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M |
(7 119, |
215,)(0,76 |
0,04 119,)130,6 |
(0,0003 |
119, |
0,00245)(130,6)2 |
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117,99 |
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118ɤɝ / ɤɦɨɥɶ. |
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Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɮɨɪ- ɦɭɥɚ Ʉɪɷɝɚ:
M |
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44,29 |
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1515 |
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103, |
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15 |
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15 |
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Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ ɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫ- |
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ɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, |
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M 6Mi xi/ , |
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M |
6(xi / Mi ) |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1.6 |
ɋɦɟɲɚɥɢ 27 ɤɝ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ I ( 420 |
0,8647) ɢ 63 ɤɝ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɣ |
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ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ II ( 420 |
0,8795). Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɦɟɫɢ. |
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Ɋ ɟ ɲ ɟ ɧɢɟ . ɇɚɣɞɟɦ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ 1515 |
ɞɥɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ I: |
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1515 |
0,8647 |
5 |
0,000686 0,8681, |
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ɞɥɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ II |
5 0,00067 |
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0,8795 |
0,8829. |
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ɉɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1.4) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ: |
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44,29 |
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0,8681 |
237,5ɤɝ / |
ɤɦɨɥɶ; |
44,29 |
0,8829 |
2658,ɤɝ / ɤɦɨɥɶ. |
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M1 |
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103, |
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0,8681 |
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103, |
0,8829 |
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Ɂɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɢɯ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɥɢ: |
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x1 |
27 |
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0,3; |
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x2 |
63 |
0,7. |
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27 |
63 |
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27 |
63 |
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Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ