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3588

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 61, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2013

Fig. 20. Modified design of the FSS shown in Fig. 14 and simulated -pa- rameter results. (a) Side view of a unit cell. (b) Equivalent circuit model.

(c) -parameter results.

at low frequencies decreases because a full power transmission occurs at zero frequency. Fig. 20(a) shows a further improved design of the FSS shown in Fig. 14, where one end of the air path is connected to the top PEC by a strip/wire. Its equivalent circuit model is illustrated in Fig. 20(b), where the shorted end of the air path is represented by an inductor . This inductor can be calculated by [26]

(11)

where and denote the length and width of the short-circuited strip/wire. The thickness of this strip/wire is ignored. Based on the width 3.2 mm and length

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2 mm

 

of this short-circuited strip/wire,

 

 

is esti-

 

mated to b 0.4 pH.

Fig. 20(c) shows the simulated

 

-parameter

results using CST-MWS as well as those from the equivalent circuit model. It is seen that a transmission zero at zero frequency is introduced besides two transmission zeros around 3 and 13.5 GHz.

VI. CONCLUSION

Two 3-D bandpass FSS have been presented based on a 2-D periodic array of shielded microstrip lines and metallic structures (such as rectangular metallic plates and “T-type” metallic pieces). When the -field of an incident wave is perpendicular to the strips, multiple resonators are constructed in these FSSs. Unlike many traditional 2-D FSSs, these 3-D FSSs can provide

more transmission zeros in the operating band, leading to high selectivity and wide out-of-band rejection.

Although the proposed FSSs are only for single polarization, the presented concept may be readily extended to realize a dual-polarized FSS. This can be achieved by placing two orthogonally oriented strip lines in a square unit cell. The thickness of our proposed structure can also be reduced further by using stepped-impedance line resonators and lumped components [19].

REFERENCES

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[3]N. Behdad and M. Al-Joumayly, “A generalized synthesis procedure for low-profile frequency selective surfaces with odd-order bandpass responses,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 2460–2464, Jul. 2010.

[4]M. Al-Joumayly and N. Behdad, “A generalized method for synthesizing low-profile, band-pass frequency selective surfaces with nonresonant constituting elements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 4033–4041, Dec. 2010.

[5]T. Zhang, H. H. Ouslimani, Y. Letestu, A. Le Bayon, and L. R. Darvil, “A low profile multilayer seventh order band-pass frequency selective surface (FSS) for millimeter-wave application,” in Proc. IEEE 13th Annu. Wireless Microw. Technol. Conf., 2012, pp. 1–4.

[6]X.-H. Wu, Q.-X. Chu, X.-K. Tian, and O. Xiao, “Quintuple-mode UWB bandpass filter with sharp roll-off and super-wide upper stopband,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 661–663, Dec. 2011.

[7]W. M. Fathelbab and M. B. Steer, “Parallel-coupled line filters with enhanced stopband performances,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 3774–3781, Dec. 2005.

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[9]A. Abbaspour-Tamijani, K. Sarabandi, and G. M. Rebeiz, “An- tenna-filter-antenna arrays as a class of bandpass frequency-selective surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1781–1789, Aug. 2004.

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[11]G. Q. Luo, W. Hong, Q. H. Lai, K. Wu, and L. L. Sun, “Design and experimental verification of compact frequency-selective surface with quasi-elliptic bandpass response,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 2481–2487, Dec. 2007.

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[13]M. Li and N. Behdad, “A third-order bandpass frequency selective surface with a tunable transmission null,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 2109–2113, Apr. 2012.

[14]S. N. Azemi, K. Ghorbani, and W. S. T. Rowe, “3D frequency selective surfaces,” Progr. Electromagn. Res. C, vol. 29, pp. 191–203, 2012.

[15]A. K. Rashid and Z. Shen, “A novel band-reject frequency selective surface with pseudo-elliptic response,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1220–1226, Apr. 2010.

[16]A. K. Rashid and Z. Shen, “Scattering by a two-dimensional periodic array of vertically placed microstrip lines,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 2599–2606, July 2011.

[17]A. K. Rashid and Z. Shen, “Three-dimensional frequency selective surfaces,” presented at the Int. Conf. Communications, Circuits, Syst., China, Jul. 2010, pp. 688–691.

[18]B. Li and Z. Shen, “Three-dimensional bandstop frequency selective structures,” presented at the Int. Conf. on Microw. Millimeter Wave Technol., China, May 2012, pp. 1–4.

LI AND SHEN: THREE-DIMENSIONAL BANDPASS FREQUENCY-SELECTIVE STRUCTURES WITH MULTIPLE TRANSMISSION ZEROS

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[19]B. Li and Z. Shen, “Miniaturized bandstop frequency-selective structure using stepped-impedance resonators,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 1112–1115, Nov. 2012.

[20]A. K. Rashid, Z. Shen, and B. Li, “An elliptical bandpass frequency selective structure based on microstrip lines,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 4661–4669, Oct. 2012.

[21]A. K. Rashid, Z. Shen, and S. Aditya, “Wideband microwave absorber based on a two-dimensional period array of microstrip lines,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 3913–3922, Dec. 2010.

[22]N. Marcuvitz, Waveguide Handbook, 1st ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1951.

[23]J.-S. Hong and M. J. Lancaster, Microstrip Filter for RF/Microwave Applications. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2001.

Zhongxiang Shen (M’98–SM’04) received the B.Eng. degree from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, in 1987, the M.S. degree from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 1990, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 1997, all in electrical engineering.

From 1990 to 1994, he was with Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China. He was with Com Dev Ltd., Cambridge, Canada, as an Advanced Member of Technical Staff in 1997. He

spent six months each in 1998, first with the Gordon McKay Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, and then with the Radiation Labora-

[24]M. E. Goldfarb and R. A. Pucel, “Modeling via hole grounds in mitory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, as a Postdoctoral Fellow. crostrip,” IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 135–137, In 1999, he joined Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, first as an As-

Jun. 1991.

[25]B. Li and Z. Shen, “Three-dimensional band-pass frequency-selective structure with multiple transmission zeros,” presented at the Asia Pacific Microw. Conf., Taiwan, Dec. 2012, pp. 448–450.

[26]F. E. Terman, Radio Engineering’s Handbook. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1945.

Bo Li was born in Hunan, China, in 1984. He received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, in 2006 and 2011, respectively, both in communication engineering.

Currently, he is a Research Fellow with Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. His research interests include RF/microwave power dividers and frequency-selective surfaces.

sistant Professor and then as an Associate Professor with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering since January 2004. He has authored or coauthored more than 110 journal papers and another 100 conference papers. His research interests include the design of small and planar antennas for various wireless communication systems, analysis and design of frequency-selective structures, and hybrid numerical techniques for modeling RF/microwave components and antennas.

Dr. Shen is a member of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (IEEE AP-S) and the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S). He served as Chair of the IEEE MTT/AP Singapore Chapter. He currently serves as the Chair of the IEEE AP-S Chapter Activities Committee.