5 курс / Госпитальная педиатрия / Консультирование_по_ВИЧ_и_вскармливанию_грудных_детей_для_преподов

ɞɥɹ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɨɜ ɤ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɤ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɤɨɬɱ.

ȼɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɭɤɥɚ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ, ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɤ ɝɪɭɞɢ. Ʉɭɤɥɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

ɋɉɈɋɈȻ ɂɁȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂə ɄɍɄɅɕ, ɂɁɈȻɊȺɀȺɘɓȿɃ ȽɊɍȾɇɈȽɈ ɊȿȻȿɇɄȺ

1.ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɮɪɭɤɬ ɢɥɢ ɨɜɨɳ (ɢɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɤ ɢɡ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ), ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɨɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɟɜɤɭ.

2.Ɉɛɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɮɪɭɤɬ, ɨɜɨɳ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɟɪɬɨɤ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɢ ɫɜɹɠɢɬɟ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɩɪɢɞɚɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɭɤɥɵ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɲɟɢ» ɢ «ɝɨɥɨɜɵ».

3.ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢɡ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ «ɪɭɤɢ» ɢ «ɧɨɝɢ» ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɹɠɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɜɟɪɟɜɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ.

4.ȿɫɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɬɨɧɤɨɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɢɬɶ ɤɭɤɥɭ ɬɪɹɩɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɚɬɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ «ɬɟɥɚ» ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ.

ɋɉɈɋɈȻ ɂɁȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂə ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ȽɊɍȾɇɈɃ ɀȿɅȿɁɕ

Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɚɪɵ ɧɨɫɤɨɜ, ɱɭɥɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɥɝɨɬɨɤ ɬɟɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɮɭɬɛɨɥɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɭɫɤɚ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɜɚɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɧɨɪɟɡɢɧɵ.

1.Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ «ɫɨɫɨɤ» ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɝɨɥɤɢ ɫ ɧɢɬɤɨɣ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɤɭɫɤɚ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɹɬɤɟ ɧɨɫɤɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɫɬɟɠɤɚɦɢ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɤɪɭɝ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɭɫɨɱɟɤ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɚɬɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵ ɡɚɬɹɧɟɬɟ ɧɢɬɤɭ, ɧɚ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɵɫɬɭɩ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɨɫɤɚ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ.

2.Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɫ «ɫɨɫɤɨɦ» ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɩɟɧɨɪɟɡɢɧɭ, ɜɚɬɭ, ɤɭɫɨɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɱɭɥɤɢ. Ɂɚɲɟɣɬɟ ɬɵɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ.

3.ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɚɫɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ «ɨɤɨɥɨɫɨɫɤɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɭɠɨɤ» ɜɨɤɪɭɝ «ɫɨɫɤɚ».

ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ:

-HIV and Infant Feeding - guidelines for decision-makers («ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ»). WHO/FRH/NUT/CHD/98.1; UNAIDS/98.3; UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J)98-1

-HIV and Infant Feeding - a guide for health care managers and supervisors («ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ»). WHO/FRH/NUT/CHD/98.2; UNAIDS/98.4; UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J)98-2

-HIV and Infant Feeding -a review of HIV transmission through breastfeeding («ȼɂɑ ɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ – ɨɛɡɨɪ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ»). WHO/FRH/NUT/CHD/98.3; UNAIDS/98.5; UNICEF/PD/NUT/(J) 98-3

Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɸ, ɜɚɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ:

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ȼɈɁ, 20, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ, 1211, ɀɟɧɟɜɚ 27, ɚɜɟɧɸ Ⱥɩɩɢɚ, 20):

Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development – CAH (Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚ): < cah@who.int >

- Breastfeeding Counselling: A training course («Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ») WHO/CDR/ 93.4; UNICEF/NUT/93.2

-Evidence for the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding («Ⱦɟɫɹɬɶ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ») WHO/CHD/98.9

-Relactation - a review of experience and recommendations for practice («Ɋɟɥɚɤɬɚɰɢɹ – ɨɛɡɨɪ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ»). WHO/CHS/CAH/98.14

-Mastitis: causes and management («Ɇɚɫɬɢɬ: ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ») WHO/FCH/CAH/00.13

ɗɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

Department of Nutrition for Health and Development –NHD (Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ

ɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ) < nhd@who.int >

-Complementary Feeding of Young Children in Developing Countries: a review of current scientific knowledge («Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ

ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ: ɨɛɡɨɪ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ»). WHO/NUT/98.1

- Complementary feeding: family foods for breastfed children («Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ

ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ: ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɦ ɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ») WHO/NHD/00.1 & WHO/FCH/CAH/00.6

Department of Food Safety – FOS (Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ) < fos@who.int >

-Adams M, & Motarjemi, Y. Basic Food Safety for Health Workers («Ɇ. Ⱥɞɚɦɫ ɢ ɘ.

Ɇɨɬɚɪɞɠɟɦɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ»). WHO/SDE/PHE/FOS/99.1

WHO/GPA/TCO/HCO/HCS/94.9

-Counselling for HIV /AIDS: a key to caring (Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɂɑ/ɋɉɂȾ: ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ) WHO/GPA/TCO/HCS/95.15

-HIV in pregnancy: A Review («ȼɂɑ ɩɪɢ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ: ɨɛɡɨɪ ») WHO/CHS/ RHR/99.15; UNAIDS 99.35

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ UNAIDS, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ, 1211, ɀɟɧɟɜɚ 27, ɚɜɟɧɸ Ⱥɩɩɢɚ, 20) < unaids@unaids.org > ɫɟɪɢɹ UNAIDS ‘Best Practice’,

-Prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child: Strategic options («ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ. ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ »). UNAIDS/99.44E

-Counselling and Voluntary HIV testing for pregnant women in high HIV prevalence countries: elements and issues («Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɧɚ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɂɑ: ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ») UNAIDS/99.40E

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ Ɉɬɞɟɥɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɘɇɂɋȿɎ, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York NY 10017, USA (ɋɒȺ, ɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤ, 10017, ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ, 3): < wdemas@unicef.org >

-Engle P. The Care Initiative: assessment, analysis and action to improve care for nutrition. New York: UNICEF Nutrition Section, 1997 (ɉ. ɂɝɥ, ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ:

ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɘɇɂɋȿɎ, Ɉɬɞɟɥ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, 1997).

-Armstrong, HC. Techniques of Feeding Infants: the case for cup feeding. Research in Action, No. 8, June 1998, UNICEF, NY (Ƚ. Ⱥɦɫɬɪɨɧɝ, Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ:

ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɱɚɲɤɢ, Research in Action, ʋ 8, ɢɸɧɶ 1998ɝ., ɘɇɂɋȿɎ, ɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤ).

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ «Teaching Aids At Low Cost», PO Box 49, St Albans, Herts AL1 5TX, UK, (ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ, Ƚɟɪɬɫ AL1 5TX, ɋɚɧɬ-Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫ,

ɩ/ɹ 49), Ɏɚɤɫ: +44-1727-846852 < talcuk@btinternet.com >

-Savage King, F. Helping Mothers to Breastfeed (Revised Edition, African Medical and Research Foundation, 1992, or an adapted or translated version.) (Ɏ.ɋɚɜɚɞɠ Ʉɢɧɝ,

ɉɨɦɨɳɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦ ɜ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɭɞɶɸ, Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɮɨɧɞ, 1992. ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ).

-Savage-King, F & Burgess, A, Nutrition for Developing Countries, ELBS, Oxford University Press, 1995 (Ɏ.ɋɚɜɚɞɠ Ʉɢɧɝ, Ⱥ.Ȼɭɪɝɟɫ, ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ELBS, Ɉɤɫɮɨɪɞ ɘɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɢ ɉɪɟɫɫ, 1995ɝ.).

.

ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɉɊȿɉɈȾȺȼȺɇɂə ɇȺ ɄɍɊɋȿ

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ.

ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɫ ȼɂɑ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɦ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɉɨɦɨɝɢɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɟ ɨɫɭɠɞɚɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɭɹ.

ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ȼɂɑ-ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɩɨɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɢɯ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɢɧɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ȼɂɑ.

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩ

Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɡɚɫɬɟɧɱɢɜɵ ɢ ɛɨɹɡɥɢɜɵ.

Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ.

ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɨɞɢɧ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɡɧɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ (ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬ) ɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ

ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɡɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɨɣ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɞɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɝɞɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɜɨɟ ɢɦɹ.

ɉɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫɢɞɟɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɧɟ ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ.

ɍɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ

Ɣ ɉɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭ ɢ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɤ ɜɚɦ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ ɡɚɫɬɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɨɛɨɫɬɶ. Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ, ɨɧɢ ɨɯɨɬɧɟɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɫɟ.

Ʉɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɜɫɹɤɢɣ ɪɚɡ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɢɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɥɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɢɯ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɬɟ.

Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɉɫɬɚɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ɇɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɨɜ ɧɚ ɱɚɣ ɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɛɟɫɟɞɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɚ ɧɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ɉɫɬɚɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

ɉɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɚɲɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ, ɢ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɜɚɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ.

Ɣ ɉɨɨɳɪɹɣɬɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ

Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɬɶ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɝɢɦ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:

-ɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɦɟɲɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɢɞɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɫɜɟɬɟ;

-ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɜɵ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɟ;

-ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɫɩɟɲɢɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ;

-ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ: “ɗɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ / ɦɧɟɧɢɟ.”

ɏɜɚɥɢɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɪɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ:

-ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɢ ɭɫɟɪɞɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ;

-ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɹɬ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ;

-ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ;

-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ;

-ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ (ɧɟ ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɹ ɢɯ ɩɭɫɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɤ ɬɟɦɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚɦɢ).

ȼɵ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɚɠɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ȼɚɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɢɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ.

Ɣ ɉɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ

ɉɨɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ. Ƚɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɹɫɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɚɫ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ. ɉɨɨɳɪɹɣɬɟɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ.

ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ (ɢɥɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɫ), ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ.

Ɉɛɫɭɞɢɬɟ ɫ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɤɨɦɭ-ɬɨ ɢɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ.

Ʉɚɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ

Ⱦɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ:

-ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ «ɐɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ» ɢ «ɉɥɚɧ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ». ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɜɚɲɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ.

-ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ «ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ», ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɚɦ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ.

-ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɲɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɷɬɚɩɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ.

-Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.

Ⱦɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ 10:

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ 151-153.

ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ:

ȼɚɲɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ. ɇɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɢɡɭɫɬɶ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɜɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ.

Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɟɪɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɜɵ ɩɨɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɚɦ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ, ɚ ɧɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɫ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɭɞɨɛɧɨ.

ɉɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ, ɝɨɬɨɜɢɜɲɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ. ɉɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɸ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ, ɢɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɭ ɟɝɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ.

ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ

Ɣ ɂɡɭɱɢɬɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ

Ⱦɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ.

ɇɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɥɟɤɰɢɸ ɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ. Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɥɭɱɲɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɟɟ ɡɚɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.

Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɭɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɟɫɶ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɫɬɚɠɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɫɤɚɪɦɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ.

ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɩɨɦɟɬɶɬɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ/ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ. ɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɡ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ.

ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɬɟɦɚɯ, ɧɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɜɤɪɚɬɰɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ. ɜɵ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɷɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɚɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

Ɣ ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɫɥɚɣɞɵ ɢ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ ɫɯɟɦ.

ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ. Ɋɚɡɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɫɤɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɬɟɪɹɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɟɣ.

ɇɟɡɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɟɦɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɩɨɜɟɲɟɧ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɭɥɶɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɷɤɪɚɧ. ɇɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɬɭɥɶɟɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɧɟɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨ-ɧɨɜɨɦɭ, ɢɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ.

ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ

ƔȽɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.

-Ⱦɨɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɛɟɫɟɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚ. ɗɬɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɡɚɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɫɥɭɯ.

-Ƚɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ. ɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɬɟɦɩ ɪɟɱɢ, ɝɪɨɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɬɨɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ.

-ɇɟ ɫɬɨɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɨ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɠɟɫɬɵ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ.

ƔȾɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɦ.

ɉɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɞɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɝɨ.

Ɉɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɜɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ – ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. ɇɟ ɠɞɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ.

Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɹɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɚɣɞɚɯ. ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɥɟɧɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɤɚɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɧɤɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɥɟɧɤɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪɟ. ɇɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɞɭɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɬɨ, ɧɚ ɱɟɦ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ.

ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɇɟ ɩɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢ ɧɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɫɩɢɧɨɣ ɤ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ.

ɇɟ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɹɣɬɟ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɨɬ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɫɛɨɤɭ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫɢɞɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɭɥɟ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɸ ɜɢɞɟɧ ɷɤɪɚɧ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɢɤɬɨ ɢɡ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢɜɫɬɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɟɧ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɜɚɫ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɶ ɥɟɤɰɢɸ.

Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɭɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɉɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɢɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɭɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ.

Ɣ ȼɨɜɥɟɤɚɣɬɟ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ

Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ.

Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɬɟɦɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ɂɚɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ (ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ «ɞɚ» ɢɥɢ «ɧɟɬ».

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɞɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɵ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ, ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɡ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɞɨ ɧɢɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɧɚɦɟɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɢɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɢɦ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ.

ɉɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɞɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɚ ɧɟ ɜɵɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɢɡ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣ.

ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɛɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɣ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɫɢɥ. ɉɨɨɳɪɹɣɬɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ. ɇɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɠɞɚɬɶ, ɩɨɤɚ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɚɞɭɬ ɜɫɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ. ȼ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

ɉɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɨɳɪɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ. ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ «ɋɩɚɫɢɛɨ» ɢɥɢ «Ⱦɚ». ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ «ɇɟɬ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ», ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡ. ɉɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ,ɫɤɚɡɚɜ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɤɥɨɧɱɢɜɨɟ, ɬɢɩɚ «ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ» ɢɥɢ «Ʌɸɛɨɩɵɬɧɨ, ɹ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ». ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ. ɋɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ: «Ʉɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ?» ɢɥɢ «Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɟɳɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ?». Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɟɬɟ ɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɚɸɬ «ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ» ɨɬɜɟɬ.

Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɫɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ, ɡɚɨɫɬɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɶɬɟ ɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɲɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɧɹɬɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ.

ɇɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ

ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ: «Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɥɭɲɚɟɦ Ɇɟɪɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɚɞɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨ Ⱥɧɚɫɬɚɫɢɢ, ɋɢɬɢ ɞɚɫɬ ɧɚɦ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ». Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɥɸɞɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɡɧɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ.

ɇɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɣɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɱɢɜɵɣ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ/ɟɟ ɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ. ɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɫɬɟɧɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹ, ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬ, ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɨɣɞɢɬɟ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ/ɧɟɣ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɚɜɚɹ ɟɦɭ/ɟɣ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ/ɟɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ.

ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɨɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɬɶ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ.

ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɸ 10 ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ (ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ 147151).

Ɣ ɂɡɭɱɢɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ

Ɂɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɟɦɨɣ, ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɬɶ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɜɚɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

Ɣ ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚ

ȼɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ, ɤɬɨ ɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɜɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ, ɤɬɨ ɢɝɪɚɥ ɛɵ ɪɨɥɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɚ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɞɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɚɦ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ, ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɧɢɦ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɭɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɧɹɬɢɸ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɫɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

Ɣ ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɟɩɟɬɢɰɢɸ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ

ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɟɩɟɬɢɰɢɸ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɦ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɭɥɶɟɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɨɥɨɜ. Ɋɟɩɟɬɢɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɭɠɟ ɜɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ.

Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɟɩɟɬɢɰɢɢ Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ 10 «ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ – ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ», ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɟɩɟɬɢɰɢɢ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɭɪɫɚ.

Ɣɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ

-ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɝɞɟ ɜɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɫɬɨɥɵ ɢ ɫɬɭɥɶɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ.

-ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɫɥɚɣɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ.

-ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ, ɲɚɝ ɡɚ ɲɚɝɨɦ, ɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɢ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɟ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɛɥɢɠɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɦ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɫɧɨ. ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɝɚɹɫɶ ɩɨ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹ ɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ.

-ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɜ ɪɭɤɢ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ. ɋɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɢ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɜɚɦɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ.

ȼɤɨɧɰɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ

Ɉɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɡɚɞɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɚ ɜɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ. ȼɚɦ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ. ɇɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ.

ɉɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɯ. ɉɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɞɟɧɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɭɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ.

ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɣ

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɹ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ, ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ. ɗɬɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɬɨɬ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɟ.

ɇɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɣɬɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɱɢɜɵɦ ɢ ɛɨɥɬɥɢɜɵɦ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ. ɉɨɨɳɪɹɣɬɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ