English Guide for Computer Science Students

9New Year’s Eve.

10New Year’s Day.

11Radio Day (in Russia).

12The year of the foundation of Tomsk.

13The population of your home town and your country. (about …)

14The population of the capital of Russia. (over …)

15The year of the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi.

16The year of the FIFA World Cup in Russia.

5 THE MOST INFLUENTIAL SOFTWARE

PROGRAMMERS OF ALL TIME

VOCABULARY

1 Read and learn the words and phrases.

2 Match the terms and their definitions.

1the job or activity of writing computer programs

2someone who writes computer programs as a job

3a set of rules, words, etc. that are used for writing computer programs

4a set of instructions that you put into a computer to make it do something

5easy to understand

6simple and not complicated

7very new and a big change from other things of its type

8programs that you use to make a computer do different things

9relating to the knowledge, machines, or methods used in science and industry

10a set of mathematical instructions or rules that, especially if given to a computer, will help to calculate an answer to a problem

3 Complete the table. Then, fill in the gaps with the correct words.

7You’re the only __________ I know here.

8The work an __________ of 32 hours per week.

9His grandfather was a strong __________ on him.

10This company has branches all over the __________.

11Technologies and __________s make our lives easier.

12They are attempting to make opera __________ to a wider audience.

13Music apps use __________s to predict the probability that fans of one particular band will like another.

19It is not even a drone operator, but a __________ who is using our system.

20Every year thousands of students come to London to __________ their English.

4 Try to guess what words and/or phrases are here.

READING

5 Read the information about software programmers.

The Most Influential Software Programmers of All Time

A programmer is a person who creates computer software. Ada Lovelace is often considered the first computer programmer, as she was the first to publish an algorithm intended for implementation on Charles Babbage’s analytical engine, in October 1842.

The first person to run on a functioning modern electronically based computer was Konrad Zuse, in 1941. International Programmer’s Day is celebrated annually on 7 January. In 2009, the government of Russia decreed a professional annual holiday known as Programmers’ Day to be celebrated on 13 September (12 September in leap years).

The most influential software programmers of all time are the innovative and brilliant men and women who each contributed something groundbreaking to the software programming world. These are the pioneers of programming all having created, evolved or improved upon the foundations of modern computer programming. Plain and simple, without these software programming legends, computers, the internet and many of your favorite programs would never exist.

Selecting which software programmer is the absolute most influential is often a chicken and egg conundrum. Without the early programming languages like FORTRAN, created by John Backus, or the C programming language, created by Dennis Ritchie, newer languages would never exist. But newer programmers, such as Tim Berners-Lee, who created HTML, James Gosling, who created Java, or Rasmus Lerdorf, who created PHP, improved upon those early innovations to create bigger and better things.

Others might argue that it’s not the programming language authors that should be considered the most influential but those who used programming to make computer science accessible to the average person. Microsoft, co-founded by the famous Bill Gates, changed the world, as did Google, created by the team of Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

Mark Zuckerberg is best known as one of five co-founders of the social networking website Facebook. Stephen Gary ‘Steve’ Wozniak co-founded Apple Computer with Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne. But is their influence on the tech world more important than that of the software language creators? Are they among the greatest programmers of all time?

Who are the most famous computer programmers? In the end, software programming and the internet was not created overnight and certainly not by one person or company. It’s a combination of each software programmer’s innovations that has brought us to where we are today. The great thing about programming is that it’s always evolving and improving. Who knows, maybe the most influential software programmer ever hasn’t even discovered his or her big thing yet.

http://www.ranker.com/list/most-influential-software-programmers-of-all-time/ready- to-startup https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer

7 Answer the questions.

1What is a programmer?

2Was software programming and the internet created overnight?

3What are the most influential software programmers like?

4Is it easy or difficult to choose the absolute most influential software programmer?

5When is International Programmer’s Day celebrated?

6What is the great thing about programming?

7What have the pioneers of programming done?

8Are programming language authors more important than people who used programming to make computer science accessible to the average person?

9When is Programmer’s Day celebrated in Russia?

10Is the most influential software programmer known?

11What are computers, the internet and other programs like?

8 What phrases from the text are hidden here? Try to guess. Translate them.

GRAMMAR

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

9 Study the information. What is the difference between regular and irregular verbs?

4 If the verb ends in a consonant + -y, change the -y to -ied. study – studied carry – carried

There are many common irregular verbs.

10 Put regular verbs into the Past Simple form.

1We __________ that device in our laboratory last week. (test)

2He __________ foreign articles in his course work. (use)

3My friend __________ me yesterday. (call)

4The clock __________ three days ago. (stop)

5When I was five, I __________ ice-cream. (like)

6Students __________ the task 5 minutes ago. (finish)

7Last year scientists __________ their innovative idea. (realize)

8Alexander G. Bell __________ the telephone. (invent)

9Two years ago he __________ to give up smoking. (try)

10In 1960s the first communication satellite __________ on the orbit. (appear)

11Three months ago I __________ with my parents. (live)

12Media __________ our life greatly. (influence)

11 Complete the tables. Translate the verbs.

12 Put irregular verbs into the Past Simple form.

1Yesterday Robert __________ in the library. (be)

2__________ you at the conference last Wednesday? (be)

3__________ John at the lecture ten minutes ago? (be)

4We __________ three lessons yesterday. (have)

5Richard __________ two mistakes in his test last week. (make)

6The teacher ______ us five minutes to revise the words before the dictation. (give)

7In 2012 my parents and I __________ to Greece. (fly)

8When I __________ a schoolboy I __________ part in sport competitions. (be; take)

9Two days ago Jack __________ a letter to his English penfriend and __________ it. (write; send)

10Alex __________ about this meeting and he __________ his groupmates about it. (know; tell)

13 Complete the text with a verb from the box in the Past Participle form.

My grandfather is 96 years old, and he has (1) __________ a long and interesting life. He has (2) __________ a lot, especially in the Far East. He has (3) __________ the Taj Mahal in India, and the Pyramids in Egypt. He has (4)

__________ lions in Africa, and has (5) __________ a camel across the Sahara Desert. He says that the most beautiful place he has (6) __________ to is Kathmandu in Nepal. He has (7)

__________ the Queen on several occasions. In 1959 he was a soldier in New Zealand when she came to visit, and in 1972 he went to a garden party at Buckingham Palace.

He has (8) __________ married twice. His first wife died when she was 32. He met his second wife while he was travelling round France by bike. He and his wife, Eleanor, have (9) __________ married for 50 years, and they have (10) __________ in the same cottage in the country since they got married. He says that he has never (11)

__________ ill in his life. The secret of good health, according to my grandfather, is exercise. He goes swimming every day. He has (12) __________ this since he was a boy. He also has a glass of whisky every night! Perhaps that is his secret!

14 Do the crossword puzzle.

26past participle of stand

27past participle of make

15 Can you put the verbs into one of the groups according to their past / past participle forms? Translate them into Russian.

same as present; eg: cost – cost – cost – стоить

1

2

3

4

5

the same; eg: lose – lost – lost – терять

1

2

3

4

5

end in ght; eg: buy – bought – bought – купить

1

2

3

4

5

-o and –o-en; eg: freeze – froze – frozen – замёрзнуть

1

2

3

4

5

Hyperlinks to the pictures:

1http://dialekt56.ru/wpcontent/uploads/2015/12/%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA- %D1%81%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0.jpg

2https://wiki.mininuniver.ru/images/5/54/Programmer23.jpg