History of America Lection 3
Colonial wars – 4 wars.
Causes of the French and Indian war. In total – 9 years, were connected with problems in Europe between their motherlands.
Reasons – all English colonies were locates along the atlantics coast, then it was France, England couldn’t got more money. France controlled trade, Indian helped France. War was successful for England.
Results - France had to gave all territories to England (France lost most of its power in North America). Spain got territories to the west of the Mississippi River + New Orleans. England got Canada and lands to the east + Florida (Spain lost it) of the Mississippi River.
Those war ruined the balance -> revolution.
REVOLUTON AMERICA (1763-1783)
ROYAL PROCLAMATION AND NEW POLICY OF Britan
Protests in colonies
Continental Congresses and the beginning or the revolution
Declaration if independence
ROYAL PROCLAMATION (law made by the king) AND NEW POLICY OF BRITAN
Problems
Defend new territories, because of conflicts with Spain and Indians – Britain had to transported soldiers to America, it costed too much
Problems with people, who lived in new territories, naturally they were French and Indians, didn’t like Britain
ROYAL PROCLAMATION
Stated that Britain decided to create the proclamation line – invisible line which couldn’t be crossed – territories were reserved to indian and france. Frenchmen could keep their territories and other colonies could do nothing (why after the great victory they couldn’t use that territories?)
Defense - if people wanted to be defendant in America, they should pay for it. (new taxes)
New policy
Connected with attempt to get money and regulate life in America.
1764 – sugar act – limited trade – colonies had to pay taxes if they want to buy luxury goods from other colonies – coffee, wine, silk.
1764 – currency act – colonies were supposed to use money which was issued in Britain. Some businesses collapsed because it wasn`t enough money in America.
1765 – quartering act – soldiers of Britain were allowed to lived in houses of americans (1628 it was written, that king couldn’t do it in Britain).
1765 – Stamp act (акт гербовой печати) – any legal document in a colony (playing cards and papers) had to bare a royals stamp, but to use it, people had to pay money for this stamp. Это было последней каплей.
People decided to rebel – started to destroy stamps.
People declare that it was not lawful to заставлять people of America pay taxes, because they weren’t represented in British parliament. – no taxation without representation.
Britain repealed stamp act – showed its weakness.
1766 – Declatory act – Britain explained why colonies should pay – colonies слишком далеко that is why they aren’t in parliament.
America still didn’t like it
1767 – Townshend acts – Townshen – surname of the head of the exchequer. Declared that British taxpayers payed too much, America payed nothing – unfair. Necessary to introduce system were everybody would pay. Americans should pay for goods of necessity (paper, tea, paint, paper, lead (свинец) and glass.
People tried to avoid buying them, but it was impossible.