Учебный год 22-23 / Legal terms 3

Piracy jure gentium - The definition of piracy not by domestic law but by the law of nations. Many jurisdictions have definitions of piracy within their internal criminal or penal laws but piracy jure gentium refers not to domestic or, as it used to be called, municipal law, but to international law

sovereign state. 1. A state that possesses an independent existence, being complete in itself, without being merely part of a larger whole to whose government it is subject. 2. A political community whose members are bound together by the tie of common subjection to some central authority, whose commands those members must obey.

jurisdiction, n. 1. A government's general power to exercise authority over all persons and things within its territory;

2. A court's power to decide a case or issue a decree <the constitutional grant of federal-question jurisdiction>.

3. A geographic area within which political or judicial authority may be exercised <the accused fled to another jurisdiction>.

4. A political or judicial subdivision within such an area.

slavery. 1. A situation in which one person has absolute power over the life, fortune, and liberty of another. 2. The practice of keeping individuals in such a state of bondage or servitude. - Slavery was outlawed by the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

intervention, n. (1860) 1. The entry into a lawsuit by athird party who, despite not being named a party to the action, has a personal stake in the outcome.

2. The legal procedure by which such a third party is allowed to become a party to the litigation.

. 3.Int'llaw. One nation's interference by force, or threat of force, in another nation's internal affairs or in questions arising between other nations.

mandate, n. 1. An order from an appellate court directing a lower court to take a specified action.

2. A judicial command directed to an officer of the court to enforce a court order. 3. In politics, the

electorate's overwhelming show of approval for a given political candidate or platform. 4. Roman & civil law. A written command given by a principal to an agent; specif., a commission or contract by which one person (the mandator) requests someone (the mandatary) to perform some service gratuitously, the commission becoming effective when the mandatary agrees.

5. Hist. Int'llaw. An authority given by the League of Nations to certain governments to take over the administration and development of designated territories

petition, n. - . A formal written request presented to a court or other official body.

sovereignty -. Supreme dominion, authority, or rule.

domestic, adj. - 1. Of or relating to one's own country <domestic affairs>. 2. Of or relating to one's own jurisdiction, 3. Of or relating to the family or the household

expost facto – also called a retroactive law, is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationship that existed, before the enactment of the law.

remedies, n. - The field of law dealing with the means of enforcing rights and redressing wrongs

convention - 1. An agreement or compact, esp. one among nations; a multilateral treaty 2. A special deliberative assembly elected for the purpose of framing, revising, or amending a constitution. – Also termed constitutional convention. 3. An assembly or meeting ofmembers belonging to an organization or having a common objective 4. Parliamentary law. A deliberative assembly that consists of delegates elected or appointed from subordinate or constituent organizations within a state or national organization, or elected directly from the organization's membership or from defined geographic or other constituencies

into which the membership is grouped, and that usu. exercises the organization's highest policymaking authority 5.Рarliamentary law. A session ofa convention (sense 4), consisting ofa series ofconsecutive meetings separated by short recesses or adjournments, often during a convention (sense 3) that includes educational and social programs for the benefit of delegates and other members. 6. A generally accepted rule or practice; usage or custom

Discrimination- The effect of a law or established practice that confers privileges on a certain class or that denies privileges to a certain class because ofrace, age, sex, nationality, religion, or disability.

migrant worker. l. Int'llaw. A person who works seasonally as an agricultural laborer in a foreign country,

2. A person who works seasonally as a laborer in a different part of his or her own country.

disable, vb. 1. To deprive (someone or something) of the ability to function; to weaken the capability of (someone or something). 2. To impair; to diminish. 3.

To legally disqualify (someone); to render (someone) legally incapable