Учебный год 22-23 / legal terms 1

Legal terms

Universal Declaration of Human Rights - An international bill of rights proclaimed by the United Nations in December 1948, being that body's first general enumeration of human rights and fundamental freedoms. • The preamble states that "recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world." The Declaration contains a lengthy list of rights and fundamental freedoms.

Justice - The fair and proper administration of laws

Peace - 1. A state of public tranquility; freedom from civil disturbance or hostility <breach of the peace>. 2. The termination or absence of armed conflict between nations.

Righ - 1. That which is proper under law, morality, or ethics <know right from wrong>. 2. Something that is due to a person by just claim, legal guarantee, or moral principle <the right of liberty>. 3. A power, privilege, or immunity secured to a person by law <the right to dispose of one's estate>. 4. A legally enforceable claim that another will do or will not do a given act; a recognized and protected interest the violation of which is a wrong <a breach of duty that infringes one's right>. 5. (often pl.) The interest, claim, or ownership that one has in tangible or intangible property <a debtor's rights in collateral> <publishing rights>. 6. The privilege of corporate shareholders to purchase newly issued securities in amounts proportionate to their holdings. 7. The negotiable certificate granting such a privilege to a corporate shareholder.

Enforce - 1. To give force or effect to (a law, etc.); to compel obedience to. 2. Loosely, to compel a person to pay damages for not complying with (a contract).

Human rights - The freedoms, immunities, and benefits that, according to modern values (esp. at an international level), all human beings should be able to claim as a matter of right in the society in which they live.

Natural Law - 1. A physical law of nature <gravitation is a natural law>. 2. A philosophical system of legal and moral principles purportedly deriving from a universalized conception of human nature or divine justice rather than from legislative or judicial action; moral law embodied in principles of right and wrong <many ethical teachings are based on natural law>. Also termed law ofnature; natural justice; lex aeterna; eternal law; lex naturae; lex naturalae; divine law; jus

divinum;jus naturale; jus naturae;

internationa law - The legal system governing the relationships between nations; more modernly, the law of international relations, embracing not only nations but also such participants as international organizations and individuals (such as those who invoke their human rights or commit war crimes). - Also termed public international law; law ofnations; law ofnature and nations; jus gentium; jus gentium publicum; jus inter gentes;foreign-relations law; interstate law; law between states (the word state, in the latter two phrases, being equivalent to nation or country).

Inherent – обязательный, присущий, неотъемлемый,врожденный

Dignity - достоинство, гордость

Inalienable - неотчуждаемый; неотъемлемый

Foundation - фундамент, основание

Widespread - широко распространённый

Acceptance - одобрение, признание

Considerable - значительный; важный, заслуживающий внимания, существенный

Confusion - беспорядок; неразбериха, путаница

Precise - точный; определённый

Controversial - спорный, сомнительный; дискуссионный

Intense - интенсивный, напряженный

Merely - только, просто; единственно

Specify - точно определять, устанавливать, предписывать;

Pattern - образец, модель

Regard – уважение, соблюдение, отношение

Incidence - сфера действия, охват; степень;

non-compliance - несоблюдение, невыполнение

evidence - средство или средства доказывания; доказательство, доказательства; подтверждение; улика | служить доказательством, подтверждать, доказывать

violation – нарушение

approach - подход, отношение к делу

profoundly - глубоко, серьёзно, основательно

allied - близкий, родственный

value – ценность

implementation - выполнение, исполнение, осуществление, реализация

infer - делать вывод

entirely - вполне, всецело, полностью, совершенно, совсем

perception - восприятие, ощущение

seeking – ищущий, поиск

existence - жизнь, бытие, существование

emanating – истекающий

virtue - сила, действие

enable - давать возможность, право

recourse - просьба о помощи, регресс; право регресса

restraining – торможение

arbitrary – произвольный

fall out - выбывать; выходить из строя 2) случаться

immense - безмерный, очень большой, огромный

value – ценность, важность